Hadamard products of linear spaces (Q903951)

Let \(X\) and \(Y\) be projective varieties in \(\mathbb{P}^n\) over the field of complex numbers \(\mathbb{C}\). The \textit{Hadamard product} \(X\star Y\) is the closure of the image of the rational map defined by \textit{coordinate-wise} multiplication as follows: \[ X \times Y \rightarrow[r,\dots] \mathbb{P}^n, \quad ([x_0:\cdots:x_n],[y_0,\cdots,y_n]) \mapsto [x_0y_0:\cdots:x_ny_n]. \] For a positive integer \(r\) and an algebraic variety \(X \subseteq \mathbb{P}^n\), the \(r\)-th \textit{Hadamard power} of \(X\) is defined inductively as \(X^{\star r}:=X\star X^{\star(r-1)}\), where \(X^{\star 0}:=[1:\cdots:1]\). In this paper, the authors investigate the Hadamard products of linear spaces. To be specific, the authors first prove (Theorem 3.4.) that for a line \(L \subseteq \mathbb{P}^n\) (satisfying a certain degeneracy condition), \(L^{\star r}\) is a linear space of dimension \(\min\{r,n\}\). Note that this theorem is not true when \(L\) is a linear space of dimension greater than \(1\) (See, \S 6.1). The authors also provide the Plücker coordinates of \(L^{\star r}\) in terms of the Plücker coordinates of a line \(L\) (Proposition 3.6.). As an application, the authors construct a \textit{star configuration} (a subset of \(\mathbb{P}^n\) which can be written as a finite Boolean combination of certain hyperplanes, see Definition 4.6.) as a Hadamard product of a line. Recall that the Hadamard product \(X\star Y\) is an algebraic variety such that \(\dim(X\star Y) \leq \dim(X) +\dim(Y)\) and can be empty even when neither \(X\) nor \(Y\) is empty. The authors implement some techniques from tropical geometry to improve this upper bound (Proposition 5.4.) and to provide the degree formula for Hadamard products of linear spaces (Theorem 6.8); the authors mainly use the fact that the tropicalization \(\mathrm{trop}(X\star Y)\) of \(X\star Y\) is same as the Minkowski sum \(\mathrm{trop}(X)+\mathrm{trop}(Y)\) of the tropicalizations of \(X\) and \(Y\) (as weighted balanced fans, see Proposition 5.1.). Note that in this paper, the authors work over \(\mathbb{C}\) with a subvariety \(X\) in \(\mathbb{P}^n\); so by interesting \(X\) with an algebraic torus \((\mathbb{C}^*)^{n+1}\), \(\mathrm{trop}(X)\) is the support of a pure rational polyhedral subfan of the Gröber fan (i.e., the constant coefficients case).