One-point commuting difference operators of rank 1 (Q294336)

Consider space of functions from \({\mathbb Z}\) to \({\mathbb C}\). Let \(T\) be a shift operator, and \(L_k=\sum_{j=-K^-}^{K^+}u_j(n)T^n\) be a \textit{shift operator} of order \(k=K^+ +K^-\). If two such operators \(L_k\) and \(L_m\) commute, then there exist a polynomial \(R(L_k,L_m)=0\) defining a \textit{spectral curve} \(\Gamma\). If \(L_k(\psi)=z\psi\) and \(L_m(\psi)=w\psi\) then \(R(z,w)=0\), i.e. \((z,w)\in \Gamma\). The paper announces the following result. Consider a spectral data \[ S=\{\Gamma,\gamma_1,\dots,\gamma_g,k^{-1},P_n\}, \] where \(\Gamma\) is a curve of genus \(g\), \(\gamma=\gamma_1+\dots+\gamma_g\) is a special divisor on \(\Gamma\), \(q\in\Gamma\), \(t^{-1}\) is a local parameter near \(q\), \(\{P_n\in\Gamma\}\) is a set of points. Then there exists a unique Baker-Akhiezer function \(\psi(n,P)\) such that {\parindent=6mm \begin{itemize}\item[{\(\bullet\)}] the divisor of \(\psi\) for \(n\geq 0\) has the form \[ \gamma_1(n)+\dots+\gamma_g(n)+P_1+\dots+P_n-\gamma_1-\dots-\gamma_g-nq, \] and for \(n< 0\) has the form \[ \gamma_1(n)+\dots+\gamma_g(n)-P_{-1}-\dots-P_{-n}-\gamma_1-\dots-\gamma_g-nq, \] \item[{\(\bullet\)}] in a neighbourhood of \(q\) the function \(\psi\) expands as \(\psi=k^n+O(k^{n-1})\). For any meromorphic functions \(f(P)\) and \(g(P)\) with unique poles of orders \(m\) and \(s\) there exist a a commuting difference operators \(L_m\) and \(L_s\) such that \(L_m(\psi)=f(P)\psi\), \(L_s(\psi)=g(P)\psi\). \end{itemize}} This result has different applications. In particular, for hyperelliptic and elliptic spectral curve constructions. Relations of commuting difference operators with Weil algebra automorphism and Dixmier conjecture are briefly discoursed.