Rotating points for the conformal NLS scattering operator (Q843081)

The paper deals with the pseudo-conformally invariant nonlinear Schrödinger equation \[ i\partial_t u+\frac{1}{2}\Delta u=|u|^{4/d} u\tag{1} \] for \((t,x)\in\mathbb{R}\times \mathbb{R}^d, d\geq1\). Let \(S:\Sigma\to\Sigma\) denote the scattering operator associated to (1) where \(\Sigma=H^1\cap\mathcal{F}(H^1)\), \(\mathcal{F}\) the Fourier transform. The author proves that for every \(\theta\in[0,2\pi]\) there are infinitely many functions \(u_-\in\Sigma\) such that \(S(u_-)=e^{i\theta} u_-\). A second result is concerned with the focusing case \[ i\partial_t u+ \frac{1}{2}\Delta u=-|u|^{4/d}u.\tag{2} \] It states that for any \(\theta\in[0,2\pi]\) there are infinitely many functions \(u_-\in\Sigma\) such that the scattering operator \(S\) associated to (2) is well defined on \(u_-\) and \(Su_-=e^{i\theta} u_-\). The proofs are based on a lens transform which reduces the problem to finding standing waves for the equation \(i\partial_tv+\frac{1}{2}\Delta v=\frac{|x|^2}{2}v\pm|v|^{4/d}v\). The existence of these standing waves is proved via constrained minimization.