A functional equation characterizing the second derivative (Q550379)

The goal of the paper is to describe operations \(T\) which map a composition \(f\circ g\) to a ``compound sum'': \[ T(f\circ g) = (T f)\circ g \cdot A_1 g + (A_2 f)\circ g \cdot T g,\quad f, g \in C^2({\mathbb R}). \] A characterization of the operators \(A_1, A_2 : C^1({\mathbb R})\rightarrow C({\mathbb R})\) is given.