Polynomial and Poisson dependence in free Poisson algebras and free Poisson fields (Q420702)

Free Poisson algebras integrate the properties of polynomial, free associative and free Lie algebras which have rich structure and combinatorial theory. But the study of free Poisson algebras started quite recently and not too much is known. They appeared first in a paper by the second named author of the paper under review [Algebra Logic 32, No. 5, 309--317 (1993); translation from Algebra Logika 32, No.5, No. 5, 571--584 (1993; Zbl 0826.17013)] and played a key role in the proof of the famous Nagata conjecture about the existence of wild automorphisms of the polynomial algebra in three variables [\textit{I. P. Shestakov} and \textit{U. Umirbaev}, J. Am. Math. Soc. 17, No. 1, 181-196 (2004; Zbl 1044.17014), ibid. 197--227 (2004; Zbl 1056.14085)]. The systematic study of free Poisson algebras is due mainly to the efforts of the first named author of the present paper and Umirbaev who established, over a field of characteristic 0, Poisson analogues of classical results for polynomials and free associative and Lie algebras, see [\textit{L. Makar-Limanov} and \textit{U. Umirbaev}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 135, No. 7, 1969--1975 (2007; Zbl 1158.17006); J. Algebra 328, No. 1, 495--503 (2011; Zbl 1285.17007)]; [\textit{L. Makar-Limanov, U. Turusbekova} and \textit{U. Umirbaev}, J. Algebra 322, No. 9, 3318--3330 (2009; Zbl 1233.17016)]. (In positive characteristic free Poisson algebras have large centers and their theory has some specifics.) Let \({\mathcal P}={\mathcal P}\langle X\rangle\) be the free Poisson algebra freely generated by a set \(X\) over a field \(F\) of characteristic 0. This is the symmetric algebra of the free Lie algebra \(Lie\langle X\rangle\) over \(F\) with Poisson bracket extending the Lie bracket of \(Lie\langle X\rangle\). One can extend the Poisson structure also on the field of fractions \(\mathcal Q\) of \(\mathcal P\). The main result of the paper is that two Poisson dependent elements in the free Poisson algebra \(\mathcal P\) or in the free Poisson field \(\mathcal Q\) are algebraically dependent. This gives an answer into affirmative of a problem from the 2007 paper by Makar-Limanov and Umirbaev. As a consequence the authors obtain also a new proof of the tameness of automorphisms for free Poisson algebras of rank two.