Isometries, Mazur-Ulam theorem and Aleksandrov problem for non-Archimedean normed spaces (Q412666)

This paper deals with isometries in non-Archimedean normed spaces. Its main purpose is to study the behaviour in the non-Archimedean setting of the classical Mazur-Ulam theorem and the classical Aleksandrov problem, both extensively studied in the Archimedean literature. S. Mazur and S. Ulam proved in 1932 that if \(E,F\) are real normed spaces and \(T: E \rightarrow F\) is a surjective isometry then \(f\) is a linear map up to translation. Now, let us replace the field \(\mathbb{R}\) of real numbers by a complete non-Archimedean non-trivially valued field \(\mathbb{K}\). A non-Archimedean version of this theorem, for normed spaces over \(\mathbb{K}\), was given by \textit{M. S. Moslehian} and \textit{G. A. Sadeghi} [Nonlinear Anal., Theory Methods Appl. 69, No. 10, A, 3405--3408 (2008; Zbl 1160.46049)], showing also that the Marzur-Ulam theorem fails in the non-Archimedean case. In the present paper, the author proves the following stronger result: Let \(E,F\) be normed spaces over \(\mathbb{K}\). Assume that there exists a surjective isometry \(E \rightarrow F\). If every surjective isometry \(E \rightarrow F\) is an additive map up to translation, then \(E= F = \{ 0 \}\). Also, in 1970, A. D. Aleksandrov asked under what conditions a map of a metric space into itself satisfying the strong distance one preserving property (SDOPP) is an isometry (recall that if \(E,F\) are normed spaces, a map \(T: E \rightarrow F\) has the SDOPP if, for all \(x,y \in E\), one verifies \(\| x - y \| = 1\) if and only if \(\| T(x) - T(y )\| = 1\)). \textit{T. M. Rassias} and \textit{P. Šemrl} proved in [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 118, No. 3, 919--925 (1993; Zbl 0780.51010)] that if \(T: E \rightarrow F\) is a map between real normed spaces \(E,F\) such that one of them has dimension \(>1\) and (1) \(T\) is surjective, (2) \(T\) is a \(1\)-Lipschitz map (i.e., \(\| T(x) - T(y) \| \leq \| x-y \|\) for all \(x,y \in E\)), (3) \(T\) has the SDOPP, \noindent then \(T\) is an isometry. In the present paper, the author shows that the situation in the non-Archimedean case differs substantially. In fact, he gets that the following are equivalent: (i) For every finite-dimensional space \(E\) with norm-one elements, every map \(T: E \rightarrow E\) satisfying (1), (2), (3) and \(T(0)=0\) is an isometry. (ii) \(K\) is locally compact. To finish the paper, the author proves that if \(E\) is a finite-dimensional space having norm-one elements, then every isometry \(E \rightarrow E\) is surjective if and only if \(\mathbb{K}\) is spherically complete and its residue class field is finite. This result extends the one given in 1984 by W. H. Schikhof, for \(E:= \mathbb{K}\).