Reducing character sums to Kloosterman sums (Q650303)

In this paper the authors apply a bound for very short Kloosterman type sums to deduce a bound for a mean-value of short sums of Dirichlet characters. For details, define \[ S^*=\mathop{{\sum}^*}_{\chi (\bmod \;q )}\chi(n)\overline{\chi}(m) \left(\sum_{u}\alpha_u\chi(u)\right)\left(\sum_{v}\beta_v\chi(v)\right)\left|L_f(\chi)\right|^2, \] where the coefficients \(\alpha_u,\beta_v\) are complex numbers with \(|\alpha_u|\), \(|\beta_v|\leq 1\) for \(u,v\) primes satisfying \(P\leq u,v\leq 2P\), the superscript \(*\) indicates that the summation is over primitive characters. And \(L_f(\chi)=\sum_{l}f(l)\chi(l)\), \(f\) is a smooth function, supported in a dyadic segment \([L,2L]\) and having derivatives satisfying \(f^{(A)}\ll L^{-A}\) for every integer \(A\geq 0\). Let \(2L<m<q<m L\), \((m,n)=1\), and \(m\asymp nP^2\). This paper proves that \[ S^*\ll mL K_{\alpha'\beta'}(m)+m^{-1}qLP^2, \] where \(K_{\alpha'\beta'}(m)\) is a bilinear form of type \[ K_{\alpha'\beta'}(m)=\sum_{(u,v)=1}\alpha'_u \beta'_v \text{e}\left(a\frac{\overline{uv}}{m}\right) \] with \((a,m)=1\) and coefficients \(\alpha'_u, \beta'_v\) bounded by \(|\alpha_u|\), \(|\beta_v|\), respectively.