Quantum cohomologies on products of cosymplectic manifolds and circles (Q723593)

A smooth even-dimensional manifold \(M\) equipped with a closed nondegenerate differential \(2\)-form \(\omega\) is called a symplectic manifold. The theory of pseudoholomorphic curves, which satisfy a nonlinear analogue of the Cauchy-Riemann equations, has influenced the study of symplectic manifolds. If \(A\in H_2(M;\mathbb Z)\) is an integral 2-dimensional homology class, then \({\mathfrak{M}}_{g,k}(M,A,J)\) is the moduli space of \(J\)-holomorphic maps, which represent the class \(A\), from a Riemann surface with genus \(g\) and \(k\) marked points to \(M\). The moduli spaces define Gromov-Witten invariants via evaluation maps, and with these Gromov-Witten invariants, the quantum cohomology \(QH^*(M;\Lambda)\) with coefficients in a suitable Novikov ring can be defined. A Riemannian manifold \((M,g)\) is an almost contact metric manifold if it admits the structure \(\Sigma=(\varphi,\xi,\eta)\), where \(\varphi\) is a \((1,1)\)-tensor field, \(\xi\) is a vector field, and \(\eta\) is a \(1\)-form, satisfying \(\varphi^2=-\text{id}+\eta\otimes\xi\), \(\eta(\xi)=1\), \(\eta(X)=g(\xi,X)\), and \(g(\varphi X,\varphi Y)=g(X,Y)-\eta(X)\eta(Y)\). An almost contact metric manifold is odd-dimensional and orientable. \(M\) is called contact metric if its \(2\)-form \(\Phi\) defined as \(\Phi(X,Y)=g(\varphi X,Y)\) satisfies \(\Phi=d\eta\). The form \(\Phi\) is skew-symmetric and \(\varphi\)-invariant. An almost contact metric manifold \(M\) is called cosymplectic if \(d\eta=0\), \(d\Phi=0\), and \(M\) is normal, i.e., its \((1,2)\)-type torsion tensor \(N_\varphi=[\varphi,\varphi]+2d\eta\otimes\xi\) vanishes, where \([\varphi,\varphi]\) is the Nijenhuis tensor of \(\varphi\). In this paper, the authors study quantum cohomologies on product spaces of cosymplectic manifolds and circles. If \(S^1\) is a unit circle with a parametrization \(f:(0,2\pi)\to S^1\) given by \(f(\theta)=e^{i\theta}\), tangent vector \(\frac{d}{d\theta}\), and its dual 1-form \(d\theta\), and \((M_1^{2n_1+1},\varphi_1,\xi_1,\eta_1,g_1)\) is a \((2n_1+1)\)-dimensional cosymplectic manifold, then the authors show that the product \((M=M_1\times S^1,J,\Phi)\) is a \(2n\)-dimensional symplectic manifold with a nondegenerate closed 2-form \(\Phi=\Phi_1+\eta_1\wedge d\theta\), an almost complex stucture \(J\) defined as \(J\left(X_1,r_1\xi_1,r_2\frac{d}{d\theta}\right)=\left(\varphi_1(X_1),-r_2\xi_1,r_1\frac{d}{d\theta}\right)\), and a metric \(g=g_1+d\theta\otimes d\theta\), where \(n=n_1+1\). Next, they show that if \(H_2(M)=H_2(M_1)\oplus\left(H_1(M_1)\otimes H_1(S^1)\right)\) is a 2-dimensional homology of the product manifold \(M\) and \(A=A_1+A_2\) is a homology class such that \(A_1\in H_2(M_1)\) and \(A_2\in H_1(M_1)\otimes H_1(S^1)\), then the moduli spaces \({\mathfrak{M}}_{0,3}(M,A,J)={\mathfrak{M}}_{0,3}(M_1,A_1,\varphi_1)\times T\) if \(A_2=0\) and \({\mathfrak{M}}_{0,3}(M,A,J)=\varnothing\) otherwise. Also, they show that a quantum cohomology \(QH^*(M)\) defined as \(QH^*(M)=H^*(M)\otimes \mathbb Q[q]\) is isomorphic to \(QH^*(M_1)\otimes H^*(S^1)\). Finally, the authors present the example of the product \(M=M_1\times S^1\), where \(M_1=S^2\times T\times S^1\) is the cosymplectic manifold, and they show that \(M\) is symplectic. Furthermore, they examine the moduli space, Gromov-Witten invariants, quantum cohomology, and Gromov-Witten potential of the product \(M\).