On the special properties of the boundary layer in singularly perturbed problems with multiple root of the degenerate equation (Q382354)

Consider the boundary value problem \[ \begin{aligned} \varepsilon^2{d^2y\over dx^2} &= f(y,x,\varepsilon),\quad 0< x< 1,\\ y(0,\varepsilon) &= y^0,\quad y(1,\varepsilon)= y^1,\end{aligned}\tag{1} \] where \(\varepsilon\) is a small positive parameter, \(f\) is sufficiently smooth. In case that the degenerate equation \[ f(y,x,0)= 0 \] has a simple root \(y= \varphi(x)\) with \(f_y(\varphi(x),x,0)> 0\) on \([0,1]\), there exists a solution \(y(x,\varepsilon)\) of (1) having the asymptotic representation \[ y(x,\varepsilon)= \sum^n_{i=0} \varepsilon^i(\overline y_i(x)+ \Pi_i(\xi)+\widetilde\Pi_i(\widetilde\xi))+ O(\varepsilon^{n+ 1}), \] where \(\overline y_0(x)= \varphi(x)\), \(\Pi_i\) and \(\widetilde\Pi_i\) are exponentially decaying, \(\xi= {x\over\varepsilon}\), \(\widetilde\xi= {1-x\over\varepsilon}\). In this paper, the author considers the case \[ f(y,x,\varepsilon)= h(x)(y- \varphi(x))^2-\varepsilon f_1(y,x,\varepsilon) \] with \(h(x)> 0\) for \(0\leq x\leq 1\), that is, the degenerate equation has the double root \(y=\varphi(x)\). Using the method of ordered lower and upper solutions, the author derives conditions under which (1) has a solution \(y(x,\varepsilon)\) with the asymptotic representation \[ y(x,\varepsilon)= \sum^n_{i=0} \varepsilon^{i/2}\overline y_i(x)+ \sum^{2n+1}_{i=0} \varepsilon^{i/4} \Biggl[\Pi\Biggl({x\over\varepsilon}, \varepsilon\Biggr)+ \widetilde\Pi_i\Biggl({1-x\over\varepsilon}, \varepsilon\Biggr)\Biggr]. \]