Domination in the zero-divisor graph of an ideal of a near-ring. (Q384902)

Let \(N\) be a zero-symmetric near-ring with identity \(1\). An ideal \(I\) of \(N\) is prime if \(JK\subseteq I\) implies \(J\subseteq I\) or \(K\subseteq I\) for ideals \(J\) and \(K\), and is \(3\)-prime if \(aNb\subseteq I\) implies \(a\in I\) or \(b\in I\). Let \(\mathcal I\) be the intersection of all proper \(3\)-prime ideals of \(N\) and call it the \(3\)-prime radical of \(N\). The near-ring \(N\) is called \(2\)-primal if the intersection of all prime ideals is exactly the set of all nilpotent elements of \(N\). Finally, \(N\) is called a pm-near-ring if every \(3\)-prime ideal is contained in a unique maximal ideal of \(N\). In this article, the graph \(\Gamma_{\mathcal I}(N)\) is considered, and some properties of it are derived. For example, it is shown that if \(N\) is a \(2\)-primal pm-near-ring with \(|N|>4\) and the intersection of all maximal ideals is zero, then the diameter of \(\Gamma_{\mathcal I}(N)\) is either \(3\) or the number of maximal ideals of \(N\), whichever is smaller. The relation between the topology of all \(3\)-prime ideals of \(N\) (the spectrum of \(N\)) and the properties of \(\Gamma_{\mathcal I}(N)\) is considered, and the dominating sets of the graph are discussed.