Fractional \(P(\phi)_1\)-processes and Gibbs measures (Q449239)

Consider the operator \(H_\alpha = (-\Delta)^{\alpha/2} + V\), where \(\Delta\) is the Laplacian, \(\alpha\in (0,2)\) and \(V\) is a suitable potential. With some assumptions on \(V\), one has that \(H_\alpha\) generates an operator semigroup \(T_t\) which can be explicitly written down by a Feynman-Kac formula \[ T_tf(x) = e^{-tH_\alpha}f(x) = \mathbb E\left(e^{-\int_0^t V(X_s)\,ds} f(X_t)\right), \] where \((X_t)_{t\geq 0}\) is a rotationally symmetric \(\alpha\)-stable Lévy process (which is generated by \((-\Delta)^{\alpha/2}\)). Following \textit{B. Simon} [Functional integration and quantum physics. New York-San Francisco-London: Academic Press (1979; Zbl 0434.28013); 2nd ed. Providence, RI: AMS Chelsea Publishing (2005; Zbl 1061.28010)], the authors say that a fractional \(P(\phi)_1\)-process is a stochastic process \((\tilde X_t)_{t\in\mathbb R}\) (the time runs through the whole real line) such that \(e^{-t\tilde H_\alpha} f(x) = \mathbb E^x_\mu f(\tilde X_t)\) for \(t\geq 0\). Here, the operator \(\tilde H_\alpha\) is defined as \(\tilde H_\alpha f = \frac 1{\phi_0}(H_\alpha - \lambda_0)(\phi_0 f)\), where \(\phi_0\in L^2(dx)\) is the eigenfunction w.r.t.\ the smallest eigenvalue of \(H_\alpha\) (of course, the potential \(V\) needs to be suitably chosen to allow for this). A suitable class of potentials are the so-called Kato-decomposable potentials. The authors show, under suitable assumptions, the existence of the process \((\tilde X_t)_{t\in\mathbb R}\) and study its properties. In particular, they show that the invariant measure of such a process is a Gibbs measure (for the very same potential \(V\)) and they give conditions for its uniqueness and characterize its support via the (asymptotic) intrinsic ultracontractivity of the semigroup.