The master Painlevé VI heat equation (Q467687)

The authors starting with the Fuchs-Garnier system corresponding to the sixth Painlevé equation \[ \begin{aligned} & \partial^2_x \psi + (S/2)\,\psi=0,\\ & \partial_t \psi + W\,\partial_x \psi - (1/2)\partial_x W\,\psi=0 \end{aligned} \] with \(S(x, t), W(x, t)\) rational fuctions in \(x, u\) and \(t\) and \(S(x, t)\) has four finite double poles at \(x=0, 1, t,u\), where \(u(t)\) is the sixth Painlevé transcendent, by an eliminating procedure arrive at a heat equation \[ \begin{aligned} -t\,(t-1)\,\partial_t \Psi &+ x\,(x-1)\,(x-t)\,\left[\partial^2_x \Psi - \left( \frac{\theta_0-1}{x} + \frac{\theta_1-1}{x-1} + \frac{\theta_t}{x-t} \right)\, \partial_x \Psi\right]+\\ &+ \left[\frac{\vartheta}{4}\,(x-t) - g(t)\right]\,\Psi=0\,, \end{aligned} \] where \(g(t)\) can be arbitrarily chosen and \(\vartheta=(1-\theta_0-\theta_1-\theta_t)^2 - \theta^2_{\infty}\). The main property of this heat equation is that \textit{it does not depend on the sixth Painlevé transcendent} \(u(t)\). The authors also illustrate the importance of the obtained by them heat equation reminding reader of its previous appearance in quantum mechanics, conformal field theory, quantization of integrable system.