Polish ultrametric Urysohn spaces and their isometry groups (Q624422)

The paper is roughly divided into two parts. In the first part, the authors present a complete survey of four different (essentially known) constructions of the Polish ultrametric Urysohn space for a given distance set \(R\), namely: the point-by-point construction (i.e.\ the Fraïssé limit of the countable class of all finite metric spaces with distances included in \(R\)), the Vestfrid type construction (implicit in [\textit{I. A. Vestfrid}, Ukr. Math. J. 46, No.~12, 1890--1898 (1994; Zbl 0871.54035)]), the Katětov type construction [see \textit{M. Katětov}, Res. Expo. Math. 16, 323--330 (1988; Zbl 0642.54021)], and the generalized tree construction (similar to a construction mentioned in [\textit{L. Nguyen Van Thé}, Structural Ramsey theory of metric spaces and topological dynamics of isometry groups. Mem.\ Am.\ Math.\ Soc.\ 968, i-ix, 140 p. (2010; Zbl 1203.05159)]). In the second part, the universality properties of the isometry groups of Polish ultrametric Urysohn spaces are investigated from the descriptive set theoretical point of view. Among other results, the authors show that all isometry groups of Polish ultrametric Urysohn spaces (independently from their distance sets) are embeddable into each other, and in particular universal for all isometry groups of Polish ultrametric spaces. It is also shown that every isometry between two compact subsets of a Polish ultrametric Urysohn space can be extended to an isometry of the entire space. Finally, some partial results on the complexity of the relations of isometry and isometric embeddability between Polish ultrametric spaces with a fixed distance set are obtained.