Maximal regularity of type \(L_p\) for abstract parabolic Volterra equations (Q816399)

In this interesting article the author obtains maximal regularity results in \(L_p\)-spaces for two different classes of problems. First, abstract Volterra equations of the form \[ u(t)+ \int^t_0 a(t- s)Au(s)\,ds= f(t),\quad t\geq 0, \] where \(a\) is a scalar kernel (in the simplest, but typical, case \(a(t)= [\Gamma(\alpha)]^{-1} t^{-1+\alpha}\), \(\alpha\in (0,2)\)) and \(A\) is a closed linear operator in a Banach space \(X\). The author begins by reviewing the concepts of \(\mathbb{R}\)-boundedness, \(\mathbb{R}\)-sectoriality, and then gives some basic definitions related to kernels \(a(t)\) and to Volterra convolution operators in \(L_p\). Using also the Dore-Venni theorem and Mikhlin multiplier results in the operator-valued version the following result on the abstract Volterra equation is derived. Theorem. Let \(X\) be a Banach space such that the Hilbert transform is bounded on \(L_2(\mathbb{R}; X)\). Take \(p\in(1,\infty)\); \(J= [0,T]\), \(T<\infty\). Suppose \(A\) is \(\mathbb{R}\)-sectorial on \(X\). Let a satisfy \(|\lambda\widehat a'(\lambda)|\leq c|\widehat a(\lambda)|\), \(\text{Re\,}\lambda> 0\), and \(|\arg\widehat a(\lambda)|\leq\theta_a\), for real part of \(\lambda> 0\), and be such that \[ \limsup_{\mu\to \infty}|\widehat a(\mu)|\mu^\alpha< \infty, \] \(\liminf_{\mu\to \infty}|\widehat a(\mu)| \mu^\alpha> 0\), \(\liminf_{\mu\to 0}|\widehat a(\mu)|> 0\), for some \(\alpha\in (0,2)\). Let \(\kappa\in [0,p^{-1})\), \(\alpha+ \kappa\not\in\{p^{-1}, 1+p^{-1}\}\). Assume \(\theta_a+ \phi^R_A< \pi\) (\(\phi^R_A\) is the \(\mathbb{R}\)-angle of \(A\)). Then the abstract Volterra equation has a unique solution in \(H^{\alpha+\kappa}_p(J, X)\cap H^\kappa_p(J, D_A)\) if and only if \(f\) satisfies \((D_A(\gamma, p)\) are the real interpolation spaces between \(X\) and \(D_A\)) (i) \(f\in H^{\alpha+\kappa}_p(J, X)\), (ii) \(f(0)\in D_A(1+ \kappa\alpha^{-1}- (p\alpha)^{-1},p)\), if \(\alpha+ \kappa> p^{-1}\), (iii) \(f'(0)\in D_A(1+ \kappa\alpha^{-1}- \alpha^{-1}- (p\alpha)^{-1},p)\) if \(\alpha+ \kappa> 1+ p^{-1}\). The second class of problems studied are of type \[ u- a*\partial^2_y u+ a* Au= f,\quad t\in [0,T],\quad y> 0, \] with \(u(t, 0)= 0(t)\), \(t\in [0, T]\) and where the problem is examined in \(L_p(J; L_p(\mathbb{R}^+; X))\). The space \(X\) and the kernel a are as in the theorem above, \(A\) is assumed to have bounded imaginary powers in \(X\). Let \(\theta_A\) be the spectral angle of \(A\) and assume \(\theta_A+ \theta_a<\pi\). Let \(Z= H_p^\alpha(J; L_p(\mathbb{R}^+;X))\cap L_p(J; H^2_p(\mathbb{R}^+; X))\cap L_p(J; L_p(\mathbb{R}^+; D_A))\). It is shown that the equation above has a unique solution in \(Z\) if and only if certain conditions (too lengthy to be included here) on \(f\) and \(\phi\) are satisfied.