On the stability of Euler-Lagrange type cubic mappings in quasi-Banach spaces (Q884381)

A quasi-norm is a real-valued function on a vector space \(X\) satisfying the following: (1) \(\| x\| = 0\) if and only if \(x =0\); (2) \(\| \lambda x\| = | \lambda| \cdot \| x\| \) for all scalars \(\lambda\) and all \(x\in X\); (3) There is a constant \(K \geq 1\) such that \(\| x+y\| \leq K(\| x\| + \| y\| )\) for all \(x, y \in X\). Then the pair \((X, \| \cdot \| )\) is said to be a quasi-normed space. A quasi-norm \(\| \cdot \| \) is called a \(p\)-norm \((0 < p \leq 1)\) if \(\| x+y\| ^p \leq \| x\| ^p + \| y\| ^p \quad (x, y \in X)\). By the Aoki-Rolewicz theorem [see \textit{S. Rolewicz}, Metric linear spaces. 2nd ed. Mathematics and its applications (East European Series), 20. Dordrecht- Boston-Lancaster: D. Reidel Publishing Company, Warszawa: PWN-Polish Scientific Publishers. (1985; Zbl 0573.46001)]), each quasi-norm is equivalent to some \(p\)-norm. Since it is much easier to work with \(p\)-norms than quasi-norms, henceforth the authors restrict their attention mainly to \(p\)-norms. The functional equation \[ f(ax+y) + f(x+ay) = (a+1)(a-1)^2[f(x)+ f(y)] + a(a+1)f(x+y) \] is called the Euler-Lagrange type cubic functional equation. The authors prove the stability of this equation for fixed integers \(a\) with \(a \neq 0, \pm 1\) in the framework of quasi-Banach spaces by using the direct method.