Spectra for approximating a real number and its square. (Q1763486)

A recent result of \textit{D. Roy} [C. R. Math., Acad. Sci. Paris 336, No.~1, 1--6 (2003; Zbl 1038.11042); Proc. Lond. Math. Soc. (3) 88, No.~1, 42--62 (2004; Zbl 1035.11028); Ann. Math. (2) 158, No.~3, 1081--1087 (2003; Zbl 1044.11061)] shows that an approximation exponent concerning simultaneous approximations of a real number and its square by rationals with the same denominators can be \(<2\). The author defines new approximation exponents in the same situation, that give a better understanding of the use of palindrome prefixes of Sturmian sequences in the work of Roy. The author also defines a ``spectrum'' for these exponents, that contain a seemingly unrelated set studied by \textit{J. Cassaigne} [Theor. Comput. Sci. 218, 3--12 (1999; Zbl 0916.68115)]. Please note that Reference [3] has appeared: \textit{Y. Bugeaud} and \textit{M. Laurent}, Ann. Institut Fourier 55, No. 3, 773--804 (2005; Zbl 1155.11333)].