Decay of solutions to anisotropic conservation laws with large initial data (Q1791531)

In this paper is studied a large time behavior of solutions to the Cauchy problem for the anisotropic conservation laws in two dimensional space with different fractional dissipation in diverse directions: \[ u_t+\displaystyle \sum_{i=1}^{n} \Lambda^{\alpha_i}_{x_i}u+\sum_{i=1}^{n} f(u)_{x_i}=0, \quad (x,t) \in \mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{R}_+, \quad (1) \] with \(u(x,0)=u_o(x)\) and \(\alpha \in (1,2]\). The operator \(\Lambda^{\alpha_i}_{x_i}\) is defined by Fourier transform. In the work the case \(n=2\) is studied deeply, however the authors recall that similar results are valid for higher values. Furthermore no smallness assumption on the initial data is done. The main theorem presented in the paper consist in the following: Theorem 2.1. Let \(\alpha_1, \alpha_2 \in (1, 2]\). If \(u = u(x, y, t)\) is a solution for equation (1) with initial data \(u_o \in L^1(R^2) \bigcap L^{\infty}(R^2)\), then for any integer \(\gamma >= 1\), we have the decay rate in \(L^2\) space \[ ||u(t, ., .)||_{L^2} \le C(1 + t)^{-\frac{1}{2}(1/\alpha_1+ 1/\alpha_2)} \] and the decay rate in \({H}^\gamma\) space \[ ||u(t, ., .)||_{{H}^{\gamma}} \le C(1 + t)^{-\frac{1}{2}(1/\alpha_1+ 1/\alpha_2)-\frac{1}{2}(\frac{2\gamma+\lambda}{\alpha}-1)}, \] where \(\alpha = \max{\alpha_1, \alpha_2}\), \(\lambda= \min{\alpha_1, \alpha_2}\), and the constant \(C\) only depends on the initial data \(u_o\) and \(\gamma\). The proof is based on the method of time-frequency decomposition and the classical energy method. The proof of the main result starts by to define the function \(u_L(x,y,t)=\xi(t,D)u(x,y,t)\), where the symbol of the operator is given by \(\xi(t,\chi)=\chi_o(\mu^{-1}(1+t)(|\xi_1|^{\alpha_1}+|\xi_2|^{\alpha_2}))\) with \[ \chi_o(\eta)= \begin{cases} 1,& \text{if } |\eta| \le 1,\\ 0, & |\eta| > 2. \end{cases} \] Moreover, it is proved that the function \(u_L(x,y,t)\) satisfies the inequality \[ ||u_L(t, ., .)||_{L^2} \le C(1 + t)^{-\frac{1}{2}(1/\alpha_1+ 1/\alpha_2)}. \] Using energy method and above inequality the decay rate of \(u\) in \(L^2\) is obtained. The decay rate of the solutions \(u\) in the homogeneous Sobolev space \({H}^{\gamma}\) is also obtained. To do so, the solution is decomposed into two parts: the low frequency part and the high frequency part. For the decay rate of the low frequency part the maximum principle is used, while for the high frequency part the energy estimate is used. On the basis of the global existence of solutions the main result can be generalized for any arbitrary \(n>2\).