Non-uniqueness of the positive Cauchy problem for parabolic equations (Q1904825)

Let \(V\) be a real-valued function in \(L_{p, \text{loc}}(\mathbb{R}^n)\) with \(p> n/2\) for \(n\geq 2\) and \(p= 1\) for \(n= 1\) and consider the Cauchy problem \[ (\partial_t- \Delta+ V(x)) u(x, t)= 0\text{ in } \mathbb{R}^n\times ]0, T[,\;u(x, 0)= u_0(x).\tag{1} \] One says that uniqueness of the positive Cauchy problem for (1) holds, if any nonnegative weak solutions of (1) having the same initial value \(u_0\) on \(\{t= 0\}\) are identically equal on \(\mathbb{R}^n\times ]0, T[\). The author points out in this paper how the asymptotic behaviour of \(V(x)\) as \(|x|\to \infty\) determines whether uniqueness holds or not.