Embeddings of Müntz spaces: composition operators (Q1944861)

The author considers the Müntz space \(M^p_\Lambda\) given by the closure in \(L^p([0,1])\) of the linear span of the monomials \(x^\lambda\) with \(\lambda\in \Lambda\), where \(\Lambda\) is a strictly increasing sequence of non-negative real numbers with \(\sum_{n}\frac{1}{\lambda_n}<\infty\). Given a Borel function \(\phi:[0,1]\to [0,1]\), the author considers the composition operator \(C_\phi(g)=g\circ \phi\) acting on polynomials \(g\in M^p_\Lambda\). Some properties of such operators are studied. First it is pointed out, using previous results from [\textit{S. W. Noor} and \textit{D. Timotin}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 141, No. 6, 2009--2023 (2013; Zbl 1282.46026)], that the statement that \(C_\phi\) is bounded (compact or in the Schatten class) as operator from \(M^p_\Lambda\) into \(L^p\) can be rephrased in terms of the pull-back measure \(\mu=\phi^* m\). In particular, he studies when \(C_\phi\) maps \(M^p_\Lambda\) into itself, showing that \(C_\phi(M^p_\Lambda)\subset M^p_\Lambda\) in the case \(\Lambda\subset \mathbb N\) and real-exponent polynomials \(\phi\) can hold only if \(\phi(x)=\alpha x^\nu\) for certain values of \(\nu\) and \(\alpha\). Also, in the more general case \(\Lambda\subset \mathbb R^+\) and under the gap condition \(\inf_k(\lambda_{k+1}-\lambda_k)>0\), he shows that real-exponent polynomials with two terms are not allowed to have \(C_\phi(M^p_\Lambda)\subset M^p_\Lambda\). He also presents sufficient and necessary conditions for the boundedness, compactness and belonging to the Schatten classes from \(M^p_\Lambda\) into \(L^p\), using some results from [\textit{I. Chalendar} et al., Ann. Inst. Fourier 61, No. 6, 2291--2311 (2011; Zbl 1255.46013)].