On large ring solutions for Gierer-Meinhardt system in \(\mathbb R^3\) (Q2434359)

The authors consider the classical Gierer-Meinhardt system in \(\mathbb{R}^3\): \(\epsilon^2 \Delta u-u+\frac{u^2}{v}=0\), \(\Delta v-v+u^2=0\), \(u,v>0\), \(u(x),v(x)\rightarrow 0\) as \(|x|\rightarrow +\infty\), and prove that, for \(\epsilon\) sufficiently small, this system admits a solution \((u_{\epsilon,R},v_{\epsilon,R})\) with the following properties: 1) \(u_{\epsilon,R}\) and \(v_{\epsilon,R}\) are radially symmetric, 2) \(u_{\epsilon,R}(r)=\frac{1}{6\epsilon G(r_\epsilon,r_\epsilon)}w\left(\frac{r-r_\epsilon}{\epsilon}\right)(1+o(1))\), 3) \(v_{\epsilon,R}(r)=\frac{1}{6\epsilon G(r_\epsilon,r_\epsilon)^2}G(r,r_\epsilon)(1+o(1))\), where \(r_\epsilon\) is the positive solution of the equation \((2r+1)e^{-2r}=\frac{103}{70}\epsilon\), \(w(y)=\frac{3}{2}\)sech\(^2(\frac{y}{2})\) for all \(y\in \mathbb{R}\), and \(G(r,r_0)=\frac{r_0}{r}e^{-r_0}\sinh(r)\) if \(r<r_0\), \(G(r,r_0)=\frac{r_0}{r}e^{-r}\sinh(r_0)\) if \(r\geq r_0\). To prove the above result, the authors first rescale the problem by replacing \(u\) by \((\epsilon \xi)^{-1}u\) and \(v\) by \((\epsilon \xi)^{-1}v\), with \(\xi>0\) suitably chosen. The system is then transformed in the following radial form \(\epsilon^2\left(u''+\frac{2}{r}u'\right)-u+\frac{u^2}{v}=0\), \(v''+\frac{2}{r}v'-v+\frac{u^2}{\epsilon \xi}=0\). The authors find a solution for this system first by solving the second equation with respect to \(v\), reducing in this way the system to a single nonlocal elliptic equation. Then, they prove that this latter equation admits a solution of the type \(u(r)=w(\frac{r-t}{\epsilon})+\epsilon U_1+\phi\), where \(U_1\) is a function that the authors are able to compute explicitly, and \(\phi\) is the unique solution of a linear equation of order \(o(\epsilon)\) which can be solved by using the Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction.