The \(X\)-varieties for CR mappings between hyperquadrics (Q2454923)

A general problem of investigating the existence and the properties of CR mappings \(f:M\to M'\) between two given smooth CR manifolds \(M\), \(M'\) is made especially difficult by the fact that, although \(f\) is the solution of a system of linear PDEs, the condition that \(f(M)\subset{M}'\) is nonlinear. The nonlinear aspect of the problem can be eliminated in the case \(M\), \(M'\) are special, and in particular, as in the paper under review, they are assumed to be spheres, or, more generally, hyperquadrics. A special tool in the investigation of real analytic CR maps \(f:M\to M'\) between real analytic CR manifolds \(M=\{\rho=0\}\subset\mathbb{C}^n\), \(M'=\{\rho'=0\}\subset\mathbb{C}^N\), is the consideration of the variety \(X_f\), that contains, but is in general different from the graphic of \(f\). It is defined by: \[ X_f=\{(w,\zeta)\in\roman{domain}(f)\times\roman{target}(f): \rho'(f(z),\overline\zeta)=0 \text{ when } \rho(z,\overline{w})=0\}. \] Theorem 1 characterizes the set \(X_f\) when \(f\) is a rational function and \(M=\{\langle z,z\rangle=1\}\), \(M'=\{\langle \zeta,\zeta\rangle'=1\}\) for Hermitian forms \(\langle\;,\;\rangle\) in \(\mathbb{C}^n\) and \(\langle\;,\;\rangle'\) in \(\mathbb{C}^N\), respectively. It is shown that there is a polynomial mapping \(w\to C(w)\), valued in the space of linear maps from \(\mathbb{C}^N\) to the space of homogeneous polynomials of some degree \(d\) in \(\mathbb{C}^n\), such that: \[ X_f=\{(w,\zeta)\in\mathbb{C}^n\times\mathbb{C}^N: \zeta=f(w)+\ker(C(w))\}. \] In particular, \(X_f\) turns out to be an affine space. It equals the graph of \(f\) when \(C(w)\) is injective for \(w\neq{0}\), and is an affine bundle when the rank of \(C(w)\) has constant dimension. This happens in particular when \(f\) is homogeneous. When \(f\) is homogeneous of degree \(d\), then the existence of \(f\) implies that \(N\geq\binom{n+d-1}{d}\) and \(X_f\) properly contains the graph of \(f\) when \(N>\binom{n+d-1}{d}\). Another set \(Y_f\) is introduced to better describe the situation of maps defined on the projective real hyperquadrics obtained by the closures of the hyperquadrics \(M\) and \(M'\) in \(\mathbb{CP}^n\) and \(\mathbb{CP}^{N}\), respectively. The author also reviews some previous results on mapping of spheres [see \textit{E. Bedford, J. P. D'Angelo, R. E. Greene} and \textit{S. G. Krantz} (eds.), Proceedings of Symposia in Pure Mathematics 52, Part 3. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (1991; Zbl 0732.00009) and \textit{J. P. D'Angelo}, Mich. Math. J. 38, No. 1, 53--65 (1991; Zbl 0732.32014)].