Closure properties of solutions to heat inequalities (Q2271910)

Let \(d\in \mathbb{N}\) and suppose that \(0<p_{1},p_{2},p<\infty \) satisfy \( 1/p_{1}+1/p_{2}=1+1/p.\) Let \(0\leq \sigma _{1},\sigma _{2},\sigma <\infty \) satisfy \(( 1-1/p_{1}) \sigma _{2}/p_{1}=( 1-1/p_{2}) \sigma _{1}/p_{2}\) and \(\sigma p=\sigma _{1}p_{1}+\sigma _{2}p_{2}.\) The authors prove that if \(u_{j}:( 0,\infty ) \times \mathbb{R} ^{d}\to ( 0,\infty)\) are sufficiently well-behaved solutions to the heat inequalities \(\partial _{t}u_{j}\geq \frac{\sigma _{j} }{4\pi }\Delta u_{j},\) for \(j=1,2,\) and \(p_{1},p_{2}\geq 1,\) then the function \(u:( 0,\infty ) \times \mathbb{R}^{d}\to (0,\infty)\) given by \(u^{1/p}=u_{1}^{1/p_{1}}\ast u_{2}^{1/p_{2}}\) also satisfies the heat inequality \(\partial _{t}u\geq \frac{\sigma }{4\pi } \Delta u,\) where the operation \(\ast\) denotes the spatial convolution. By iteration, this result leads to an analogous statement concerning the \(n\)-fold convolution. As a corollary, a direct heat-flow proof of the sharp \(n\)-fold Young convolution inequality is given.