The joint distribution of \(Q\)-additive functions on polynomials over finite fields (Q2388613)

The authors are going to give analogues of results, given for \(q\)-additive functions by \textit{D.-H. Kim} [J. Number Theory 74, No. 2, 307--336 (1999; Zbl 0920.11067)], \textit{N. L. Bassily} and \textit{I. Kátai} [Acta Math. Hung. 68, No. 4, 353--361 (1995; Zbl 0832.11035)], and by \textit{M. Drmota} [Acta Arith. 100, No. 1, 17--39 (2001; Zbl 1057.11006)], in the context of \(Q\)-additive functions on polynomials over finite fields. For a finite field \(\mathbb F_q\) of characteristic \(p\), \(q = \#(\mathbb F_q) = q^r\), denote by \(P_k\) the set of polynomials \(A\) in \(\mathbb F_q\) of degree deg(\(A) < k\). Fix some \(Q \in \mathbb F_q[T]\), where deg\((Q) \geq 1\). A function \(f: \mathbb F_q[T] \to G\) (for some abelian group \(G\)) is called \(Q\)-additive, if \[ f(A+BQ) = f(A) + f(B)\; \text{ for any }\; A, \; B\in \mathbb F_q, \text{ where } \text{deg}(A) < \text{deg}(Q). \] \(\Phi(x) = \frac1{\sqrt{2\pi\,}} \int_{-\infty}^\infty\) is the Gauss integral, \[ \mu_f = \frac1{q^k} \sum_{A\in P_k} f(A),\; \sigma_f^2 = \sum_{A\in P_k} f^2(A) - \mu_g^2. \] The authors prove: Theorem 1. Let \(Q_i\), \(i=1,\dots,d\,\) be pairwise coprime polynomials in \(\mathbb F_q[T],\;\text{deg}(Q_i) = k_i\), and let \(M_i\) be polynomials of degree \(m_i\). For \(Q_i\)-additive functions \(f_i:\mathbb F_q [T] \to \mathbb F_q[T]\,\), the set \[ H = \left\{ (f_1(A)\bmod M_1,\dots, f_d(A) \bmod M_d),\; A \in \mathbb F_q[T] \right\} \] is a subgroup of \(P_{m_1} \times \dots \times P_{m_d}\), and for any vector \((R_1,\dots,R_d) \in H\) the relation \[ \lim_{\ell\to\infty} \frac1{q^\ell}\; \# \left\{ A \in P_\ell;\; f_1(A) = R_1, \dots, f_d(A) = R_d \right\} = \frac1{|H|} \] holds. Theorem 2. For a given polynomial \(Q\in \mathbb F_q[T]\) of degree \(\,k\geq 1\,\) let \(g: \mathbb F_q[T] \to \mathbb R\) be a \(Q\)-additive function. Let \(P(T)\in \mathbb F_q[T]\), \(r=\text{ deg}(P)\), and assume that \(\sigma_g^2 > 0\). Then, as \(n\to\infty\), \[ \frac1{q^n}\; \# \left\{ A\in P_n;\; \frac{g(P(A)) - \frac{nr}k\, \mu_g}{\sqrt{\frac{nr}k\; \sigma_g^2 }} \leq x \right\} \to \Phi(x), \] and a similar result is true for the set of irreducible monic polynomials of degree \(\leq n\). Theorem 3. Assume that \(Q_1,\, Q_2 \in \mathbb F_q\) are coprime polynomials of degree \(k_1\geq 1,\, k_2\geq 2\), so that at least one of the derivatives \(Q_1^\prime,\, Q_2^\prime\) is non-zero. For \(Q_i\)-completely additive functions \(g_i:\mathbb F_q[T] \to \mathbb R\), \(i=1,2\) the asymptotic formula \[ \frac1{q^n} \, \#\left\{A \in P_n:\; \frac{g_1(A) - \frac n{k_1}\, \mu_{g_1}}{\sqrt{\frac n{k_1} \;\sigma^2_{g_1}}} \leq x_1, \; \frac{g_2(A) - \frac n{k_2}\, \mu_{g_2}}{\sqrt{\frac n{k_2} \; \sigma^2_{g_2}}} \leq x_2 \right\} \rightarrow \Phi(x_1) \cdot \Phi(x_2) \] holds, as \(n\to\infty\).