On low-dimensional cancellation problems (Q2474268)

The main results of the paper is the positive answer to a generalized (birational) Zariski cancellation problem in case of low dimension and positive characteristic. Let \(X\) be an affine variety. The the Zariski problem asks whether the isomorphism \(X \times \mathbb C\cong \mathbb C^{n+1}\) implies that \( X\) is isomorphic to \( \mathbb C^n.\) The answer is positive for complex varieties if \(n\leq 2.\) In general the problem is open. The authors prove that in some situations the isomorphism \(X \times \mathbb C\cong \mathbb C^{n+1}\) implies the existence of a birational isomorphism \( X\cong \mathbb C^n.\) Namely proven are the following theorems: 1. Let \(K\) be an affine field over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of positive characteristic. Suppose that \( K(t)\cong k(t_1, t_2, t_2)\). Then \(K\cong k(t_1, t_2).\) 2. Let \(M\) be a \(3\)-dimensional affine algebraic variety over an algebraically closed field \(k\) of any characteristic. Let \(A\) be the coordinate ring of \(M.\) If \(A[t]\cong k[x_1,x_2,x_3, x_4]\) then \(\text{frac}(A)\cong k(x_1,x_2,x_3),\) where \(\text{frac}(A)\) is a field of fractions of \(A.\)