Open maps of involutive quantales (Q1656713)

Motivated by the notion of open map of locales of, e.g.,~[\textit{A. Joyal} and \textit{M. Tierney}, An extension of the Galois theory of Grothendieck. Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society (AMS) (1984; Zbl 0541.18002)] as well as by some specific problems from the theory of Fell bundles on groupoids of, e.g.,~[\textit{A. Kumjian}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 126, No. 4, 1115--1125 (1998; Zbl 0891.46038)], the paper studies open maps of involutive quantales. The author considers two categories: the category \textbf{Qu} of involutive quantales and their homomorphisms, and its dual, denoted \textbf{QSp} and called the category of \textit{quantic spaces}. Following the analogy of formal duals in the theory of locales of, e.g.,~[\textit{P. T. Johnstone}, Stone spaces. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1982; Zbl 0499.54001)], a \textit{(continuous) map} of involutive quantales is a \textbf{QSp}-morphism \(p:Q\rightarrow X\), which is actually an involutive quantale homomorphism \(p^{\ast}:X\rightarrow Q\) in \textbf{Qu}. \(p^{\ast}\) is referred to as the \textit{inverse image homomorphism} of \(p\). Moreover, if \(p^{\ast}\) has a (necessarily preserving involution) left adjoint \(p_{!}\), then the map \(p\) is called \textit{semiopen}, and \(p_{!}\) is referred to as the \textit{direct image homomorphism} of \(p\). Inspired by the Frobenius reciprocity condition of open maps of locales, the author considers its quantic analogue for a semiopen map \(p:Q\rightarrow X\) in the following two forms: (FR1) \(p_{!}(a\,p^{\ast}(x)) = p_{!}(a)\,x\) for every \(x\in X\) and every \(a\in Q\); and (FR2) \(p_{!}(a\,p^{\ast}(x)\,b) = p_{!}(a)\,x\,p_{!}(b)\) for every \(x\in X\) and every \(a,b\in Q\). A semiopen map which satisfies (FR1) is called \textit{weakly open}. Moreover, a semiopen map \(p:Q\rightarrow X\) is said to be \textit{open} provided that for all maps \(f:Y\rightarrow X\) the pullback in \textbf{QSp} of \(p\) along \(f\) is weakly open. Based in a particular construction of pullbacks of quantic spaces through tensor product of sup-lattices, the author shows that every weakly open surjection satisfying (FR2) is an open map (Corollary~5.2 on page 643). The paper is well written, provides some of its required preliminaries, and will be of interest to all the researchers studying categories of generalized spaces.