Pulse interaction via gain and loss dynamics in passive mode locking (Q2499763)

Consider the following model for passive mode locking in a semiconductor laser \[ \begin{aligned} \Biggl(1+ \gamma^{-1}{d\over dt}\Biggr) A&= \sqrt{x}\,\exp\Biggl\{{1\over 2}[g(t- T)- q(t- T)]\Biggr\} A(t-T),\\ {dg\over dt}&= \gamma_g(G_0- g)- e^{-q}[e^g- 1] A^2,\\ {dq\over dt}&= \gamma_q(Q_0- q)- s[1- e^{-q}] A^2,\end{aligned}\tag{\(*\)} \] where \(A\) is the amplitude of the electrical field, \(g\) is the saturable gain, \(q\) is the saturable absorption level, \(G_0\) and \(Q_0\) are control parameters. The focus is on the existence of periodic solutions of \((*)\), the so-called pulse trains and their stability. The results are based on numerical investigations and the application of bifurcation theory.