Orbifold cohomology for global quotients (Q1394587)

Ruan's ``Cohomological Hyper-Kähler Resolution Conjecture'' aims to identify the orbifold cohomology of a complex orbifold \(X\) admitting a hyper-Kähler resolution with the ordinary cohomology of the resolution. The orbifold cohomology theory which appears in the conjecture was introduced by Chen and Ruan, and it is closely related to the degree \(0\) Gromov-Witten invariants of the orbifold \(X\). The current paper deals with the case of global quotients \([Y/G]\), where \(Y\) is a smooth complex manifold with the action of a finite group \(G\). First, the authors define a (larger and non-commutative) ring \(H^{\star}(Y,G)\) with a \(G\) action, whose \(G\) invariant part equals the Chen-Ruan orbifold cohomology. As a vector space \(H^{\star}(Y,G)\) is isomorphic to the sum of cohomologies of the fixed loci \(\bigoplus_{g\in G} H^{\star}(Y^{g})\). The definition of the multiplitive structure is trickier and involves the Euler classes of certain ``obstruction bundles'', carefully defined in the first section of the paper. Secondly, the authors check a special case of Ruan's conjecture. If \(S\) is a smooth surface with trivial canonical bundle, the Hilbert scheme \(S^{[n]}\) of \(n\) points on \(S\) provides a hyper-Kähler resolution for the symmetric product \(\text{Sym}^{n}S\). The authors compute the orbifold cohomology of the symmetric product \(\text{Sym}^{n}S\) and compare their answer to \textit{M. Lehn} and \textit{C. Sorger}'s calculation of the cohomology ring of the Hilbert scheme [Invent. Math. 152, No. 2, 305--329 (2003; Zbl 1035.14001)]. A closely related result can be found in \textit{B. Uribe}'s paper [Commun. Anal. Geom. 13, No. 1, 113--128 (2005; Zbl 1087.32012)]. In addition, the authors discuss the orbifold cohomology of Beauville's generalized Kummer varieties.