The Waldschmidt constant of special \(\Bbbk\)-configurations in \(\mathbb{P}^n\) (Q2176082)

In this nicely written paper the authors compute the Waldschmidt constants for special point-hyperplane configurations in \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\). Let \(I\) be a homogeneous ideal in \(R = \Bbbk[x_{0},\dots, x_{n}]\), where \(\Bbbk\) is an algebraically closed field of any characteristic, We define the \(m\)-th symbolic power by \(I^{(m)} = \bigcap_{P \in \mathrm{Ass}(I)}I^{m}R_{P}\cap R\), where \(\mathrm{Ass}(I)\) denotes the set of associated primes and the intersection is taken in the field of fractions. If we restrict our setting to mutually distinct points \(\mathcal{P} = \{P_{1},\dots, P_{s}\}\) in \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\) and \(I\) is the ideal associated with \(\mathcal{P}\), then \(I^{(m)} = I^{m}_{P_{1}} \cap \dots \cap I^{m}_{P_{s}}\). In the context of symbolic powers, there is a very natural question to determine all those pairs \((m,r)\) such that for a homogeneous ideal \(I\) one has \(I^{(m)} \subset I^{r}\), where \(I^{r}\) is the \(r\)-th algebraic power of \(I\). In that context, Bocci and Harbourne defined the resurgence of \(I\) as \[\rho(I) = \mathrm{sup} \bigg\{ \frac{m}{r} : I^{(m)} \not\subset I^{r} \bigg\}.\] Moreover, the asymptotic resurgence (introduced by Guardo, Harbourne, and Van Tuyl) is defined as \[\rho_{a} = \mathrm{sup} \bigg\{ \frac{m}{r} : I^{(mt)} \not\subset I^{rt} \text{ for all } t \gg 0 \bigg\}.\] The main object of interest is the Waldschmidt constant of a homogeneous ideal \(I\) which is defined as \[\widehat{\alpha}(I) = \mathrm{lim}_{m\rightarrow \infty} \frac{ \alpha (I^{(m)})}{m},\] where \(\alpha(I)\) denotes the initial degree of \(I\). In order to formulate (some) main results of the paper, we need to introduce the main algebro-combinatorial objects, namely star configurations and \(\Bbbk\)-configurations. Let \(n,r,s\) be positive integers with \(1 \leq r \leq \mathrm{min} \{n,s\}\). Let \(F = \{F_{1}, \dots, F_{s}\}\) be a set of forms in \(R = \Bbbk[x_{0}, \dots, x_{n}]\) with the property that all subsets of \(F\) of cardinality less than or equal to \(r+1\) are regular sequences in \(R\). We define an ideal by setting \[I_{r,F} = \bigcap_{1 \leq i_{1} < \dots < i_{r} \leq s} (F_{i_{1}}, \dots, F_{i_{s}}).\] The vanishing locus \(\mathbb{X}\) of \(I_{r,F}\) in \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\) is called a star configurations of codimension \(r\) in \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\), or equivalently of type \((r,s)\). When the forms \(F_{1}, \dots, F_{s}\) are all linear, then we call the vanishing locus of \(\mathbb{X}\) of such \(I_{r,F}\) as a linear star configuration in \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\) of type \((r,s)\). Theorem A. Consider a star configuration in \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\) of codimension \(r\) with \(\mathrm{deg} \, F_{i} = d_{i}\) and \(d_{1} < \dots < d_{s}\) with \(1 \leq r \leq \mathrm{min}\{n,s\}\) and let \(I = I_{r,F}\) be the associated ideal. Then \[\widehat{\alpha}(I_{r,F}) \leq \frac{d_{1} + \dots + d_{s}}{r}.\] In particular, if \(\mathrm{deg} \, F_{i} = 1\) for every \(i \in \{1, \dots, s\}\), then in fact we have \[\widehat{\alpha}(I_{r,F}) = \frac{s}{r}.\] Theorem B. Let \(\mathbb{X}\) be a linear star configuration in \(\mathbb{P}^{n}\) of type \((r,s)\) defined by general linear forms. Then \[\rho(I_{\mathbb{X}}) = \rho_{a}(I_{\mathbb{X}}) = \frac{r(s-r+1)}{s}.\] Now a \(\Bbbk\)-configuration of points in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) is a finite set \(\mathbb{X}\) of points in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) which satisfy the following conditions: there exist integers \(1 \leq d_{1} < \dots < d_{s}\) and subsets \(\mathbb{X}_{1}\), \dots, \(\mathbb{X}_{s}\) of \(\mathbb{X}\) and distinct lines \(\ell_{1}, \dots, \ell_{s} \subset \mathbb{P}^{2}\) such that i) \(\mathbb{X} = \bigcup_{i=1}^{s} \mathbb{X}_{i}\), ii) \(|\mathbb{X}_{i}| = d_{i}\) and \(\mathbb{X}_{i} \subseteq \ell_{i}\) for each \(i \in \{1, \dots,s\}\), and iii) \(\ell_{i}\) with \(i \in \{2, \dots s\}\) does not contain any points of \(\mathbb{X}_{j}\) for all \(j < i\). In this case, the \(\Bbbk\)-configuration is said to be of type \((d_{1}, \dots, d_{s})\). Let \(\mathbb{A}^{2} \subset \mathbb{P}^{2}\) be the affine plane given by \(x_{0}\neq 0\). Consider the following set of points in \(\mathbb{A}^{2}\) which realizes the \(\Bbbk\)-configuration type and such that the points of this set are located on each parallel line \(\mathcal{L}_{i}\), \[\mathcal{L}_{1} = \{x_{1} = 0\}, \dots, \mathcal{L}_{s-1} = \{x_{1}=s-2\}, \mathcal{L}_{s} = \{x_{1} = s-1\}.\] On each of this line \(\mathcal{L}_{i}\) we put: \(d_{s}\) points with coordinates \([1:0:j]\) with \(0 \leq j \leq d_{s}-1\), \(j \in \mathbb{N}\), \dots, \(d_{1}\) points with coordinates \([1:s-1:j]\) with \(0 \leq j \leq d_{1}-1\) and \(j \in \mathbb{N}\). We call such a \(\Bbbk\)-configuration in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) as a standard \(\Bbbk\)-configuration of type \((d_{1}, \dots, d_{s})\). Theorem C. Let \(\mathbb{X}\) be a standard \(\Bbbk\)-configuration in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) of type \((1,2, \dots, s)\) and \(m=2(s-1)\) with \(s\geq 2\), then \[\widehat{\alpha}(I_{\mathbb{X}}) \leq \frac{3 \binom{s}{2}}{2(s-1)}.\] In particular, the authors provide a complete list of actually computed Waldschmidt constants, resurgences, and asymptotic resurgence for certain \(\Bbbk\)-configurations and standard \(\Bbbk\)-configurations in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\). For instance, if \(\mathbb{X}\) is a standard \(\Bbbk\Bbbk\)-configuration in \(\mathbb{P}^{2}\) of type \((1,2,3,4,5,6)\), then \[\widehat{\alpha}(I_{\mathbb{X}}) = \frac{21}{5} \text{ and } \rho_{a}(I_{\mathbb{x}}) = \rho(I_{\mathbb{X}}) = \frac{10}{7}.\]