Moduli of non-commutative polarized schemes (Q1659923)

This article considers derived moduli of graded algebras, where all graded algebras are associative, unital, and with finite dimensional graded summands. The first part of the article consist of the construction of a differential graded stack \(X\) parametrizing graded algebras of a fixed dimension vector \(\mathbf{d}=(d_1,d_2,\dots).\) This constructs a stack quotient of a vector bundle of curved differential graded Lie algebras over a linear space, divided by an algebraic gauge group. The main point is that the construction is infinite dimensional and equal to the projective limit of its finite dimensional truncations. Let \(P\in X\) be a point, and let \(A\) be the corresponding graded algebra. Then the tangent complex of \(X\) in \(P\) has a shifted Hochschild cohomology of \(A\) which is computed with homogeneous cochains of degree \(0\) for homology groups \(H^0(\mathbb T_{X|P})=\text{HH}^{i+1}_{\text{gr}}(A).\) This means that the deformation theory of a graded algebra is given by its (shifted) graded Hochshchild cohomology. The article gives a reasonably thorough study of graded Hochschild cohomology of algebras and relates it to the more familiar invariants of such. In particular, algebras coming from geometry are objects of study. Those are the algebras \(A\) for which there is a \(\mathbb C\)-linear Grothendieck category \(\mathcal C\) with an object \(\mathcal O\) together with an auto-equivalence \(s:\mathcal C\rightarrow\mathcal C\), satisfying certain conditions, such that \(A=\text{Hom}_{\mathcal C}(\mathcal O,s^n\mathcal O)\). Notice that in the commutative case, this just says that \(A=\bigoplus_{n>0}\Gamma(X,\mathcal O(n))\) for a (ordinary) projective scheme \((X,\mathcal O(1)).\) The authors claim rightfully that their results support the idea that the derived deformation theory of the graded algebra \(A\) (at least in some cases) coincides with the derived deformation theory of the triple \((\mathcal C,\mathcal O,s).\) The final main contribution of the article is the definition of stability for graded algebras. Those are the ones for which a derived, separated Deligne-Mumford stack \(X^s\) can be constructed, classifying stable graded algebras of fixed dimension vector. The notion of stability naturally comes from geometric invariant theory for the finite dimensional truncation \(\widetilde X_{\leq q}\) of \(\widetilde X.\) The article contains some arguments for the stack \(\widetilde X^s\), or a specific substack, to be of finite type. Again, in the commutative case, the notion of stability coincides with Hilbert stability, and so \(\widetilde X^s\) extends the classical stack of Hilbert stable projective varieties to the non-commutative theory. Following the authors, it is reasonable to believe that \(\widetilde X^s\) is a moduli stack of non-commutative projective schemes in the sense of Artin-Zhang. This is indicated by the example of \(3\)-dimensional quadratic Artin-Schelter regular algebras which are semistable and generically stable. The article is over \(\mathbb C\), graded spaces are \(\mathbb Z\)-graded, and a graded space is locally finite if each graded piece is finite dimensional over \(\mathbb C.\) The article is rather explicit. It starts with the construction of the derived stack of graded algebras, and this is explicit and includes the definition of the Gerstenhaber bracket and the Maurer Cartan equation. Then the action of a Gauge group is implemented, also explicitly and readable. Deformation theory and the Hochschild cohomology are given explicitly, both graded and ungraded, and the connection and truncation is included in the consideration. Polarizations are introduced with the relativistic Hochschild cohomology. All this is needed for the GIT study of non-commutative polarized schemes which are the main theme of the article. The main result in the article is the constructions described above, and the definitions together with their necessary results gives a lot of new insight to non-commutative geometry. This makes the article important both for introducing a noncommutative polarization, and also for using new techniques for constructing moduli spaces.