Rough fractional integrals and its commutators on variable Morrey spaces (Q5965094)

Let \(\mathbb S^{n-1}\) be the unit sphere in \(\mathbb R^n\) and \(\Omega\in L^s(\mathbb S^{n-1})\) \((s\geq 1)\) be homogeneous of degree zero. For \(0<\alpha<n\), the rough fractional integral is defined by \[ T_{\Omega,\alpha}f(x)=\int_{\mathbb R^n}\frac{\Omega(y')}{|y|^{n-\alpha}}f(x-y)dy \] and the related fractional maximal operator \(M_{\Omega,\alpha}\) is \[ M_{\Omega,\alpha}f(x)=\sup_{r>0}\int_{|y|\leq r}|\Omega(y')f(x-y)|dy. \] Let \(b\in \mathrm{BMO}(\mathbb R^n)\). The commutator generated by \(T_{\Omega,\alpha}\) and \(b\) is given by \[ [b,T_{\Omega,\alpha}]f(x)=b(x)T_{\Omega,\alpha}f(x) -T_{\Omega,\alpha}(bf)(x). \] Denote by \(\mathcal P\) the set of all measurable functions \(p(\cdot):\mathbb R^n\to[1,\infty)\) such that \(p^{-}=\inf_{x\in\mathbb R^n}p(x)>1\) and \(p^+=\sup_{x\in\mathbb R^n}p(x)<\infty\). The variable Lebesgue space \(L^{p(\cdot)}\) is defined to be the set of all measurable functions \(f\) such that \(\int_{\mathbb R^n}|\varepsilon f(x)|^{p(x)}dx<\infty\) for some \(\varepsilon>0\) with the norm \[ \| f\|_{L^{p(\cdot)}}=\inf \bigg\{\lambda>0: \int_{\mathbb R^n}\bigg(\frac{|f(x)|}{\lambda} \bigg)^{p(x)}dx \leq 1\bigg\}. \] Let \(\mathcal B\) denote the set of all \(p(\cdot)\in\mathcal P\) such that the Hardy-Littlewood maximal operator \(M\) is bounded on \(L^{p(\cdot)}\). For \(p(\cdot)\in\mathcal P\) and \(u(x,r):\mathbb R^n \times(0,\infty) \to (0,\infty)\), the variable Morrey space \(\mathcal M_{p(\cdot),u}\) is the set of all measurable functions \(f\) satisfying \[ \| f\|_{\mathcal M_{p(\cdot),u}}=\sup_{z\in\mathbb R^n,R>0}\frac{1}{u(z,R)}\|\chi_{B(z,R)}f\|_{L^{p(\cdot)}}<\infty. \] \textit{K.-P. Ho} [Math. Inequal. Appl. 16, No. 2, 363--373 (2013; Zbl 1260.42009)] gives the boundedness of the Riesz potential and the corresponding fractional maximal operator on variable Morrey spaces. In this paper, the authors study the boundedness of fractional integrals with rough kernel and their commutators on variable Morrey spaces. More precisely, they obtain the following results. Theorem: Suppose that \(\Omega\in L^s(\mathbb S^{n-1})\) with \(1<s\leq\infty\). Let \(\alpha>0\), \(p(\cdot), q(\cdot) \in\mathcal P\) and \(u\in\mathbb W_{q(\cdot)}\), that is, \(u(x,r):\mathbb R^n\times (0,\infty) \to (0,\infty)\) is measurable and there exists a constant \(C>0\) such that for any \(x\in\mathbb R^n\) and \(r\geq 0\), \[ \sum_{j=0}^{\infty}\frac{\|\chi_{B(x,r)}\|_{L^{q(\cdot)}}}{\|\chi_{B(x,2^{j+1}r)}\|_{L^{q(\cdot)}}}u(x,2^{j+1}r)<C u(x,r). \] Suppose that \(1\leq {s'}<p_{-}\leq p_{+}<n/\alpha\) and \(1/p(x)-1/q(x)=\alpha/n\) a.e. on \(\mathbb R^n\), then \[ \| T_{\Omega,\alpha}f\|_{\mathcal M_{q(\cdot),u}}\leq C\|\Omega\|_{L^s(\mathbb S^{n-1})}\| f\|_{\mathcal M_{p(\cdot),u}} \] and \[ \| M_{\Omega,\alpha}f\|_{\mathcal M_{q(\cdot),u}}\leq C\|\Omega\|_{L^s(\mathbb S^{n-1})}\| f\|_{\mathcal M_{p(\cdot),u}}. \] Furthermore, if \(b\in\mathrm{BMO}\) and \[ \sum_{j=0}^\infty(j+1)\frac{\|\chi_{B(x,r)}\|_{L^{q(\cdot)}}}{\|\chi_{B(x,2^{j+1}r)}\|_{L^{q(\cdot)}}} u(x,2^{j+1}r)<C u(x,r), \] then \[ \|[b,T_{\Omega,\alpha}]f|_{\mathcal M_{q(\cdot),u}}\leq C\|\Omega\|_{L^s(\mathbb S^{n-1})}\| f\|_{\mathcal M_{p(\cdot),u}}. \]