Anti-periodic BVP of fractional order with fractional impulsive conditions and variable parameter (Q513500)

The paper is a study of impulsive anti-periodic boundary value problems of fractional order. Firstly, the authors study the BVP with the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative \[ D^qx(t)+\lambda(t)x(t) = f(t,x(t)), \quad \, t \in (0,1)\setminus \{t_1,\ldots, t_m\}, \] \[ I^{\alpha}x(t_k^+)-I^{\alpha}x(t_k^-)=J_k(x(t_k)), \quad k=1,\ldots,m, \] \[ t^{1-q} x(t)|_{t=0} + t^{1-q} x(t)|_{t=1}=0, \] where \(D^qx\) and \(I^{\alpha}x\) are, respectively, the Riemann-Liouville fractional derivative and integral of orders \(q,\alpha \in (0,1)\), \(0 < t_1 <\ldots< t_m < 1\), and \(\lambda(t)\) is a continuous function such that \(\max_{t \in [0,1]} \lambda(t) > 0\). Secondly, the paper analyzes the BVP with the Caputo derivative \[ ^CD^qx(t)+\lambda(t)x(t) = f(t,x(t)), \quad \, t \in (0,1)\setminus \{t_1,\ldots, t_m\}, \] \[ I^{\alpha}x(t_k^+)-I^{\alpha}x(t_k^-)=J_k(x(t_k)), \quad k=1,\ldots,m, \] \[ x(0) + x(1)=0. \] To obtain several existence criteria for the BVPs above, the authors apply Krasnosel'skiĭ's fixed point theorem for the sum of a compact mapping and a contraction and a fixed point theorem of Krasnosel'skiĭ and Zabreiko for asymptotically linear mappings. The Mittag-Leffler formulae is used to invert the fractional operators on the left hand sides of the fractional equations in both BVPs, while it is emphasized that \(\lambda\) is a non-constant function.