The generalised Berger-Wang formula and the spectral radius of linear cocycles (Q665508)

Let \(\mathcal X\) be a Banach space and let \(B_{\mathcal X}\) be its unit ball. The Hausdorff measure of noncompactness for an operator \(A\in{\mathcal B}({\mathcal X})\) is defined to be \(\| A\|_\chi=\inf\{\varepsilon>0:\, A(B_{\mathcal X})\) is covered by a finite set of \(\varepsilon\)-balls\(\}\). The finite rank approximation seminorm for \(A\) is defined to be \(\| A\|_f=\inf\{\| A-F\|:\, \operatorname{rank} F<\infty\}\). For a bounded set of operators \(\mathbf{A}\) on \(\mathcal X\) let \(\mathbf{A}^n=\{A_{i_1}\ldots A_{i_n}:\,A_i\in \mathbf{A}\}\), \(n\in {\mathbb N}\). The authors consider the following joint spectral radii: the Rota-Strang joint spectral radius \(\hat{\varrho}(\mathbf{A})=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup\{\| A\|^{1/n}:\, A\in\mathbf{A}^n\}\), \(\varrho_\chi(\mathbf{A})=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup\{\| A\|_\chi^{1/n}:\, A\in\mathbf{A}^n\}\), \(\varrho_f(\mathbf{A})=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup\{\| A\|_f^{1/n}:\, A\in\mathbf{A}^n\}\), and \(\varrho_r(\mathbf{A})=\limsup_{n\to\infty}\sup\{\rho(A)^{1/n}:\,A\in\mathbf{A}^n\}\), where \(\rho(A)\) is the spectral radius of the operator \(A\). Let \(T\) be a continuous transformation of a compact metric space \(X\) and \(\mathcal X\) be a Banach space. A linear cocycle over \(T\) is a function \(\mathcal A: X\times {\mathbb N}\rightarrow {\mathcal B}({\mathcal X})\) such \({\mathcal A}(x,n+m)={\mathcal A}(T^mx,n){\mathcal A}(x,m)\) for all \(x\in X\) and \(n,m\in{\mathbb N}\). The main result of the paper is the following: {Theorem.} For a continuous cocycle \(\mathcal A\) over \(T\), the following formulas hold true: \[ \begin{aligned} \lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{x\in X}\|{\mathcal A}(x,n)\|^{1/n} &=\max\bigl\{\limsup_{n\to\infty}\sup_{x\in X}\rho({\mathcal A}(x,n))^{1/n}, \lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{x\in X}\|{\mathcal A}(x,n)\|_\chi^{1/n}\bigr\}, \\ \lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{x\in X}\|{\mathcal A}(x,n)\|_\chi^{1/n} &=\lim_{n\to\infty}\sup_{x\in X}\|{\mathcal A}(x,n)\|_f^{1/n}. \end{aligned} \] The following formulas for the spectral radii of a precompact and nonempty set \(\mathbf{A}\) of operators on a Banach space \(\mathcal X\) are obtained as a consequence of this theorem: \[ \hat{\varrho}(\mathbf{A})=\max\bigl\{\varrho_\chi(\mathbf{A}),\varrho_r(\mathbf{A})\bigr\},\tag{1} \] \[ \varrho_\chi(\mathbf{A})=\varrho(\mathbf{A}).\tag{2} \] Formula (1) was proved earlier by different methods by \textit{V. S. Shulman} and \textit{Y. V. Turovskii} [J. Funct. Anal. 177, No. 2, 383--441 (2000; Zbl 0980.47008); Stud. Math. 149, No. 1, 23--37 (2002; Zbl 1016.47006)].