Entire curves, integral sets and principal bundles (Q763647)

Let \(X\) be an algebraic variety over a number field \(K\). This paper examines the conjectural assertion that there is a non-constant holomorphic curve \(f:\mathbb C\to X(\mathbb C)\) if and only if there is an infinite set of integral points on \(X\) over some finite extension \(K'\) of \(K\), and that there is a holomorphic curve in \(X(\mathbb C)\) with Zariski-dense image if and only if there is a Zariski-dense set of integral points over some \(K'\). (Here the definition of set of integral points over \(K'\) allows denominators in any fixed finite set of places of \(K'\).) In particular, the paper examines the conjecture in the contexts of fiber bundles, algebraic groups, and ramified coverings over semi-abelian varieties. For fiber bundles, the paper proves the following theorem. Let \(G\) be an algebraic group, \(X\) an algebraic variety, and \(\pi: E\to X\) a \(G\)-principal bundle, all defined over a number field \(K\). Then: (a) Every holomorphic map \(f:\mathbb C\to X(\mathbb C)\) lifts to a map \(F:\mathbb C\to E(\mathbb C)\); moreover, if \(G\) is connected then \(F\) can be chosen so that the Zariski closure of its image is \(\pi^{-1}(Z)\), where \(Z\) is the Zariski closure of the image of \(f\). (b) Assume furthermore that \(E\) is locally trivial in the Zariski topology. Let \(R\) be a set of integral points in \(X(K)\). Then there is a finite extension \(K'\) of \(K\) and a set of integral points \(R'\) in \(E(K')\) such that \(\pi(R')=R\) and the Zariski closure of \(R'\) equals \(\pi^{-1}(Z)\), where \(Z\) is the Zariski closure of \(R\). For algebraic groups, the paper shows that if \(G\) is a connected complex Lie group, then \(G\) admits a holomorphic map \(f:\mathbb C\to G(\mathbb C)\) with Zariski-dense image, and if \(G\) is an algebraic group defined over a number field \(K\), then there is a finite extension \(K'\) of \(K\) such that \(G(K')\) contains a Zariski-dense set of integral points. (These results may be regarded as special cases of the previous theorem, with \(X\) equal to a point.) For ramified coverings of semi-abelian varieties, let \(X\) be a variety defined over a number field \(K\), and assume that \(X\) admits a finite surjective morphism \(\pi: X\to A\) to a semi-abelian variety \(A\). Assume that there is a non-constant holomorphic map \(f:\mathbb C\to X(\mathbb C)\). Then there is a finite field extension \(K'\) of \(K\) and an infinite set \(R\) of integral points in \(X(K')\). Moreover, if \(f\) has Zariski-dense image, then \(R\) can be taken to be Zariski dense. Finally, the paper gives an alternative definition of an integral set of points on a quasi-projective variety, based on a result of \textit{J. P. Jouanolou} [Algebr. K-Theory I, Proc. Conf. Battelle Inst. 1972, Lect. Notes Math. 341, 293--316 (1973; Zbl 0291.14006)]. Let \(X\) be a quasi-projective variety defined over a number field \(K\). Then a set \(R\subseteq X(K)\) is an integral set if and only if there is a finite extension \(L\) of \(K\), a finite set \(S\) of places of \(L\) containing all of the archimedean places, an affine variety \(W\) defined over \(L\), an \(L\)-morphism \(\phi: W\to X\), and an integral set \(R'\subseteq W(L)\) (with respect to \(S\)), such that \(\phi(R')\supseteq R\).