The variational problems and equivalent forms for a second order elliptic boundary value problem (Q1295898)

We consider the following second-order elliptic boundary value problem (1) \(-\Delta u+ u=f\) in \(\Omega\), \(u= 0\) on \(\partial\Omega\). Here \(\Omega\) is a bounded domain in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) with sufficiently smooth boundary \(\partial\Omega\) and \(f\in L_2(\Omega)\). We see that the solution of (1), which is a function in \(\mathring W^1_2(\Omega)\), minimizes in \(\mathring W^1_2(\Omega)\) the quadratic functional \[ J_0(v):= \int_\Omega\Biggl[\Biggl({\partial v\over\partial x}\Biggr)^2+ \Biggl({\partial v\over\partial y}\Biggr)^2+ v^2\Biggr]dx dy- 2\int_\Omega fv dx dy. \] In order to approximate not only \(u\) but also \(\partial u/\partial x\), \(\partial u/\partial y\), we introduce a parameter \(\lambda^2>0\) and then from \(J_0\), we get the extreme problem \[ J_2(u,v,w):= \Biggl\|{\partial u\over\partial x}- v\Biggr\|^2+ \Biggl\|{\partial u\over\partial y}- w\Biggr\|^2+ \lambda^2(\| u\|^2+\| v^2\|+\| w\|^2- 2(f,u))\Rightarrow\min \] in \(\mathring W^1_2(\Omega)\times L_2(\Omega)\times L_2(\Omega)\). Here \((\cdot,\cdot)\) is the \(L_2\)-scalar product and \(\|\cdot\|\) is the \(L_2\)-norm. The minimizing of \(J_2\) in the space \(\{(u,\partial u/\partial x,\partial u/\partial y)\mid u\in \mathring W^1_2(\Omega)\}\) is equivalent to the minimizing of \(J_0\) in \(\mathring W^1_2(\Omega)\). Further, we define \[ J_3(u,v,w):= J_2(u,v,w)+ \mu^2| u|^2, \] where \(|\cdot|\) is the \(L_2(\partial\Omega)\)-norm. Also, we analyze the one-dimensional case. We put \(\Omega= (0,1)\) and consider the boundary value problem \(-u''+ u=f\) in \((0,1)\), \(u(0)= u(1)= 0\), and the corresponding extreme problem: \[ J_1(u,v):= \| u'- v\|^2+ \lambda^2(\| u\|^2+\| v\|^2- 2(f,u)). \] The solutions of the extreme problems \(J_i\Rightarrow\min\), \(i= 1,2,3\) can be characterized by the solution of the elliptic boundary value problem.