Two limit cycles in three-dimensional Lotka-Volterra systems (Q1609160)

This interesting paper is devoted to the three-dimensional Lotka-Volterra system \[ \dot {x}=\text{diag}(x) A(x-1) \] with \(x=(x_1, x_2, x_3)\), \(A=(a_{ij})_{3\times 3}\), \(x-1=(x_1-1, x_2-1, x_3-1)\). Among the six classes of Zeeman's classification for three-dimensional competitive systems with limit cycles, besides the heteroclinic cycle case, the authors construct in three cases without heteroclinic cycle two limit cycles, which arise due to Hopf bifurcation. This original construction gives a particular answer to Hofbauer and So's problem to the system under consideration. Different cases of Zeeman's classification are illustrated by four examples. An example of a noncompetitive system is given as well.