Construction of the eigenfunctions of the Tricomi-Neumann problem for an equation of mixed type with characteristic degeneration and their application. (Q1889508)

The equation of mixed type \[ L_\alpha u \equiv u_{xx} +yu_{yy}+\alpha u_y+\lambda u=0,\tag{1} \] where \(0<\alpha<1\) and \(\lambda\) is a complex parameter, is under consideration in the domain \(D\) bounded, for \(y>0\), by the curve \(\Gamma_0(x^2+ 4y=0)\) with endpoints \(B(1,0)\) and \(K(-1,0)\) lying on the half-plane \(y>0\), by the closed interval \(AK\) of the \(x\)-axis, where \(A=(0, 0)\), and by the characteristics \(AC(x-2\sqrt{-y}=0)\) and \(CB(x+2\sqrt{-y}=1)\) of Eq. (1) for \(y<0\). Let \(D_+=D\cup\{y>0\}\) and \(D_-=D\cap\{y<0 \}\). The Tricomi-Neumann spectral problem (problem \(TN_\lambda)\) is studied: Find the values of the parameter \(\lambda\) and the corresponding functions \(u(x,y)\) satisfying the conditions \[ u(x,y)\in C(\overline D)\cap C^1(D\cup\Gamma_0\cup AK)\cap C^2(D_+ \cup D_-),\tag{2} \] \[ L_\alpha u= 0,\tag{3} \] \[ u(x,y)=0,\quad (x,y)\in AK, \tag{4} \] \[ u(x,y)=0,\quad (x,y)\in AC,\tag{5} \] \[ \lim_{y\to 0-0}(-y)^\alpha u_y =k\lim_{y\to 0+0}y^\alpha u_y,\;0<x<1,\tag{6} \] \[ u_x dy-yu_ydx=0,\quad (x,y) \in \Gamma_0,\tag{7} \] where \(k=-1\) for \(0< \alpha<1/2\) and \(k=1\) for \(1/2<\alpha <1\). In this paper the eigenvalues of problem (2)--(7) are obtained and the corresponding eigenfunctions are explicitly constructed. Using the system of eigenfunctions, the solution of the problem \(TN_\lambda\) is constructed as a sum of biorthogonal series.