\(\Delta_h\)-Appell sequences and related interpolation problem (Q1952301)

Sequences of \(n\)-degree polynomials \(A_n(x)\) \((n=0,1,\dots)\) satisfying the relation \(\Delta A_n(x)=nhA_{n-1}(x)\) \((n=1,2,\dots)\) are called \(\Delta_h\)-Appell sequences. In this paper, the authors pose the following interpolation problem. Let \(L\) be a linear functional on the linear space of real continuous functions defined on the interval \([a,b]\) such that \(L(1)\neq 0\). Denote by \(\Delta^i\) the difference operator of order \(i\). For \(\omega_i\in\mathbb{R}\) \((i=0,1,\dotsc,n)\), does there exist a unique polynomial \(P_n(x)\) of degree \(\leq n\) such that \(\frac{L(\Delta^i P_n(x))}{i!}=\omega_i\,\,(i=0,1,\dotsc,n)\)? This interpolation problem is a generalization of the classical interpolation problem on equidistant points. The authors give the unique solution of this interpolation problem. The unique polynomial is \[ P_n(x)=\sum\limits_{i=0}^n\frac{\omega_i}{h^i}A_{L,i}(x), \] where \(A_{L,i}(x)\) are \(\Delta_h\)-Appell polynomials related to the functional \(L\) and have explicit representations.