On the mean value of \(|L(1,\chi)|^2\) for odd primitive Dirichlet characters (Q1969189)

Although there is a simple formula for the mean value of \(|L(1,\chi)|^2\) over odd Dirichlet characters \(\chi\bmod d\) [\textit{S. Louboutin}, Can. Math. Bull. 36, 190-196 (1993; Zbl 0802.11032)], there is no such formula over primitive odd characters. More specifically, the author shows that, when the modulus is a product of distinct primes \(p,q\), although the sum concerned is a rational multiple of~\(\pi^2\), it is not a polynomial in \(p,q\). This result disproves a conjecture of \textit{Wenpeng Zhang} [J. Northwest Univ., Nat. Sci. 20, No.3, 9-12 (1990; Zbl 0728.11044)].