Generalized Calabi type Kähler surfaces (Q2085453)

Quasi Constant Holomorphic (QCH) Kähler surfaces \((M , g, \overline{J} )\) are 4-dimensional Riemannian manifolds with a Kähler complex structure \( \overline{J}\), admitting a global 2-dimensional \( \overline{J}\)-invariant distribution \(\mathcal D\) having the following property: the holomorphic sectional curvature \(K (\pi ) =R ( X, \overline{J} X , \overline{J} X , X )\) of any \( \overline{J}\)-invariant 2-plane \(\pi\subset T_x M\), where \(X \in\pi\) and \(g(X,X)=1\), depends only on the point \(x\) and the number \(| X_{\mathcal D} | = g( X_{\mathcal D} , X_{\mathcal D} )\), where \(X_{\mathcal D}\) is the orthogonal projection of \(X\) on \(\mathcal D\). Every QCH Kähler surface admits an opposite almost Hermitian structure \(J\) such that the Ricci tensor \(\rho\) is \(J\)-invariant and \((M,g,J)\) satisfies the following second Gray condition: \[ R ( X , Y , Z , W ) - R ( J X , J Y , Z , W ) = R ( J X , Y , J Z , W ) + R ( J X , Y , Z , J W ). \] In [J. Geom. Phys. 154, Article ID 103735, 10 p. (2020; Zbl 1442.53049)] the first author studied QCH semi-symmetric Kähler surfaces \((M , g , \overline{J} )\) which admit an opposite Hermitian structure which is not locally conformally Kähler. A simply connected gravitational instanton \(( M , g , \overline{J})\) with degenerate Weyl tensor \(W^-\) is a QCH Kähler surface, either of orthotoric or Calabi type. For example, the Eguchi-Hanson metric is of Calabi type and Taub-NUT gravitational instanton is of orthotoric type, see [\textit{V. Apostolov} et al., Compos. Math. 135, No. 3, 279--322 (2003; Zbl 1031.53045)]. A generalized Calabi type Kähler surface is a QCH Kähler surface such that the opposite almost Hermitian structure \({J}\) is determined by a complex foliation into complex curves and is Hermitian. It just means that the distribution \(\mathcal D\) is integrable and the almost complex structure \(J\) is integrable. Having the locally conformally Kähler classes \((M,g,J)\) been classified in other works, the authors solve the case when \(J\) is not of locally conformally Kähler type. They assert that a classification of generalized Calabi type Kähler surfaces is obtained (in Subsections 6.1, 6.2 and 6.3). In particular they obtain, by a new method, a classification of Calabi type Kähler surfaces (see Theorem 5.1). They also construct a large class of Hermitian surfaces \(( M , J )\) with degenerate Weyl tensor \(W^+\) (this means that \(W^+\) has two eigenvalues, one of them of multiplicity 2, the simple eigenvalue corresponding to the Kähler form \(\omega_J\) of \((M , g , J )\)), along with \(J\)-invariant Ricci tensor. Let us remark that the generalized Calabi type Kähler surfaces which are not of Calabi type are fiber bundles over a Riemann domain, with fibers being the leafs of the foliation \(\mathcal D\) of constant sectional curvature.