A relationship between the major index for tableaux and the charge statistic for permutations (Q2571288)

The paper under review studies the relation between the \(q\)-polynomial \(f^{\lambda}(q)\) which, for \(q=1\), gives the number of standard Young tableaux of shape \(\lambda\), and the \(q\)-multinomial coefficient \(g^{\lambda}(q)\). The \(q\)-polynomials enjoy a number of interesting properties stated in terms of combinatorics and representation theory of classical groups. It is well known that \(g^{\lambda}(q)-f^{\lambda}(q)\) is a \(q\)-polynomial with nonnegative coefficients. The paper gives a new combinatorial proof of this result. The author defines an injection \(f\) from the set SYT\((\lambda)\) of standard Young tableaux of shape \(\lambda\) to the set \(W_{\lambda}\) of the permutations of type \(\lambda\), with the property that the major index maj\((T)\) of \(T\in \text{SYT}(\lambda)\) is equal to the charge ch\((f(T))\) of \(f(T)\). This is sufficient for the proof because \(f^{\lambda}\) is equal to the generating function for the major index statistic on SYT\((\lambda)\) and \(g^{\lambda}\) is equal to the generating function of the inverse statistic as well as of the charge statistic on permutations in \(W_{\lambda}\), namely \[ f^{\lambda}=\sum_{T\in \text{STY}(\lambda)}q^{\text{maj}(T)},\quad g^{\lambda}=\sum_{\pi\in W_{\lambda}}q^{\text{inv}(T)} =\sum_{\pi\in W_{\lambda}}q^{\text{ch}(T)}. \] The construction of such an injection was a problem raised in [\textit{S. Cho}, Ars Comb. 71, 93--99 (2004; Zbl 1073.05580)].