On solvability theorems of second-order ordinary differential equations with delay (Q1667605)

Summary: For each \(x_0 \in [0,2 \pi)\) and \(k \in \mathbf{N}\), we obtain some existence theorems of periodic solutions to the two-point boundary value problem \(u''(x) + k^2 u(x - x_0) + g(x, u(x - x_0)) = h(x)\) in \((0, 2 \pi)\) with \(u(0) - u(2 \pi) = u'(0) - u'(2 \pi) = 0\) when \(g :(0,2 \pi) \times \mathbb{R} \rightarrow \mathbb{R}\) is a Caratheodory function which grows linearly in \(u\) as \(|u\| \rightarrow \infty\), and \(h \in L^1(0,2 \pi)\) may satisfy a generalized Landesman-Lazer condition \((1 + \operatorname{sign}(\beta)) \int_0^{2 \pi} h(x) v(x) d x < \int_{v(x) > 0} g_\beta^+(x) |v \left(x\right)\|^{1 - \beta} d x + \int_{v(x) < 0} g_\beta^-(x) |v \left(x\right)\|^{1 - \beta} d x\) for all \(v \in N(L) \backslash \{0 \}\). Here \(N(L)\) denotes the subspace of \(L^1(0,2 \pi)\) spanned by \(\sin k x\) and \(\cos k x\), \(- 1 < \beta \leq 0\), \(g_\beta^+(x) = \liminf_{u \rightarrow \infty}(g \left(x, u\right) u / |u\|^{1 - \beta})\), and \(g_\beta^-(x) = \liminf_{u \rightarrow - \infty}(g \left(x, u\right) u / |u\|^{ 1 - \beta})\).