Limit cycles in slow-fast codimension 3 saddle and elliptic bifurcations (Q2637793)

The authors consider the planar slow-fast system \[ \dot{x}=y, \dot{y}=-xy+\epsilon \left(f(x,b)+y^2G(x,y,\lambda) \right), \] where \((b,\lambda)\) are multidimensional parameters, which is of generalised Liénard type and arises as a smooth local form of a more general class of systems (\(f,G\) are smooth). The \(x\)-axis is a slow manifold, which however loses its normal hyperbolicity across \(x=0\). There, in fact, the fast foliation is tangent to the slow manifold. The emphasis is placed on small amplitude limit cycles which are perturbed out of the origin (therefore one can think of \(f,G\) as polynomials). In particular, the codimension three case is considered, where \((b_0,b_1,b_2)\sim (0,0,0)\) with \(b_3\neq 0\) and \( f(x,b)=b_0+b_1x+b_2x^2+b_3x^3+O(x^4). \) Using the blow-up construction from geometric singular perturbation theory, in order to de-singularize the system at the origin, they prove various existence and nonexistence results for such limit cycles.