When Tor(A,B) is a direct sum of cyclic groups (Q793155)

An (abelian) group is called \(\Sigma\)-cyclic iff it is a direct sum of cyclic groups. \textit{R. Nunke} provided sufficient conditions for the torsion product Tor(A,B) of the groups A, B to be \(\Sigma\)-cyclic [Proc. Colloq. Abelian groups 115-124 (1964; Zbl 0132.273); Pac. J. Math. 22, 453-464 (1967; Zbl 0158.028)]; they are also necessary for groups A, B of cardinality \(\leq \aleph_ 1\). In the present paper other conditions for Tor(A,B) to be \(\Sigma\)-cyclic are given, which are necessary and sufficient for groups of cardinality \(\leq \aleph_ 2.\) A tower of a group G is a chain of pure subgroups \(\{G_{\alpha}\}_{\alpha<\lambda}\) such that (1) \(G_{\alpha}\subseteq G_{\beta}\) if \(\alpha<\beta\), (2) \(G_{\beta}=\cup_{\alpha<\beta}G_{\alpha}\) if \(\beta\) is a limit ordinal, (3) \(G=\cup_{\alpha<\lambda}G_{\alpha}.\) It is called proper tower if \(| G_{\alpha}|<| G|\) for all \(\alpha\). It is proved that if Tor(A,B) is \(\Sigma\)-cyclic then the groups A, B have towers \(\{A_{\alpha}\}_{\alpha<\lambda}\), \(\{B_{\alpha}\}_{\alpha<\lambda}\) such that for all \(\alpha<\lambda\) the groups (a) \(Tor(A_{\alpha +1}/A_{\alpha},B_{\alpha}),\) (b) \(Tor(A_{\alpha},B_{\alpha}),\) (c) \(Tor(A_{\alpha},B_{\alpha +1}/B_{\alpha})\) are \(\Sigma\)-cyclic. Conversely if such towers for A, B exist, such that the groups in (a), (b) and (d) \(Tor(A_{\alpha +1},B_{\alpha +1}/B_{\alpha})\) are \(\Sigma\)-cyclic then Tor(A,B) is \(\Sigma\)-cyclic. If A, B are of cardinality \(\leq \aleph_ 2\) then the assumptions on the groups in (a), (b), (c) are also sufficient for Tor(A,B) to be \(\Sigma\)-cyclic.