New intrinsic four point properties which characterize hyperbolic and euclidean spaces (Q1610984)

It is known that intrinsic four point properties can characterize hyperbolic and Euclidean spaces among finitely compact convex, externally convex metric spaces in which the metric line joining two distinct points is unique. Let us recall that a metric line \(L\) is defined as a subset of \(M\) which is isometric to a Euclidean line, and a point \(f\) on a metric line \(L\) is a foot on \(L\) of a point \(p\notin L\) provided the distance between the points \(p\) and \(f\), denoted \(pf\) satisfies, \(pf\leq px\) for all points \(x\in L\). In this paper the authors present four new intrinsic four point properties: A finitely compact convex, externally convex metric space \(M\) in which the metric line joining a pair of distinct points is unique is a Euclidean or hyperbolic space if and only if it satisfies one of the following properties: The intrinsic altitude four point property: If \(p\), \(q\), \(r\) and \(p'\), \(q'\), \(r'\) are congruent triples of points of \(M\), if \(f\in L(q,r)\) is a foot of \(p\) on \(L(q,r)\), and if \(f'\) is the point of \(L(q',r')\) which corresponds to \(f\) under the induced correspondence between those lines, then the congruence \(p,q,r\approx p',q',r'\) can be extended to a \(f'\) congruence \(p,q,r,f\approx p',q',r',f'\). The intrinsic equilateral weak four point property: if \(p,q,r\) and \(p'\), \(q'\), \(r'\) are congruent equilateral triples of points of \(M\), and \(s\in L(q,r)\) and \(s'\in L(q',r')\) satisfy \(qs=q's'\) and \(rs=r's'\) then the congruence \(p,q,r\approx p',q',r'\) can be extended to a congruence \(p,q,r,s\approx p',q',r',s'\). The intrinsic external isosceles feeble four point property. Let us recall that \(pqr\) means that the point \(q\) is metrically between points \(p\) and \(r\). If \(p,q,r\) and \(p'\), \(q'\), \(r'\) are congruent isosceles triples of points of \(M\) with \(pq=pr=p'q'=p'r'\) and if \(s\in L(q,r)\) and \(s'\in L(q',r')\) satisfy betweennesses \(qrs,q'r's'\) and \(rs=r's'=\frac{1}{2}qr=\frac{1}{2}q'r'\) then the congruence \(p,q,r\approx p',q',r'\) can be extended to a congruence \(p,q,r,s\approx p',q',r',s'\). It is also proved a Euclidean embedding version of the intrinsic altitude four point property: the weak altitude four point property that characterizes real inner product spaces, complete, convex, externally convex metric space, \(M\): For every quadruple \(p,q,r,f\) points of \(M\) for which \(f\) is a foot of \(p\) on a metric line \(L\) containing \(q\) and \(r\): \(p,q,r,f\approx\overline{p},\overline{q},\overline{r},\overline{f}\), where \(\overline{p},\overline{q},\overline{r},\overline{f}\) are points of the Euclidean plane.