Phase transformations in electrically conductive ferromagnetic shape-memory alloys, their thermodynamics and analysis (Q394022)

A thermo/electro/magnetic/mechanical model is derived under a number of simplifications, namely small strains, eddy-current approximation of the Maxwell system, and neglected cross-effects. A mathematical analysis provides the existence of the six-tuple \((u,m,h,e,\vartheta,\omega):Q:= \Omega\times ]0,T[\subset \mathbb{R}^{3\times 1}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^{3\times 3\times 3\times 3\times 1\times L}\) such that is a weak solution of the variational problem (1)--(6), namely \[ \begin{multlined} \displaystyle\int_Q (\mathbb{D}\mathsf{E}(\dot u)+\sigma_{\mathsf{E}}):\mathsf{E}(v)+ (\mathbb{D}_{\mathrm{hpr}}\nabla\mathsf{E}(\dot u)+\mathbb{C}_{\mathrm{hpr}} \nabla\mathsf{E}(u))\vdots\nabla\mathsf{E}(v)+ \omega :\chi_{\mathsf{E}}'\mathsf{E}(v)- \rho \dot u \cdot\dot v \mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}t \\ +\int_\Omega \rho \dot u(T) \cdot v(T) \mathrm{d}x =\int_\Omega \rho u_0 \cdot v(0) \mathrm{d}x+\int_Q(f_0+\mu_0(\nabla m)^\top h)\cdot v+ \mu_0(h\cdot m)\mathrm{div} v\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}t+ \int_\Sigma g_0\cdot v \mathrm{d}S\mathrm{d}t,\end{multlined}\tag{1} \] with \(\mathsf{E}=\mathrm{sym}\nabla\), \(\sigma_{\mathsf{E}}=\phi_{\mathsf{E}}'(\mathsf{E}(u),m)+ \mathcal{A}_1(\mathsf{E}(u),m,\vartheta)\), \(\mathbb{D}\) (resp. \(\mathbb{D}_{\mathrm{hpr}}\) and \(\mathbb{C}_{\mathrm{hpr}}\)) being a symmetric positive definite fourth-order (resp. sixth-order) tensor, \(\chi=\chi(\mathsf{E}(u),m):\mathbb{R}^{3\times 3}_{\mathrm{sym}}\times \mathbb{R}^3\rightarrow \mathbb{R}^L\) representing the phase-transformation indicator, which makes it possible to distinguish the \(L+1\) phases, \(f_0\) and \(g_0\) being some given bulk force and boundary traction, and \(\rho\) and \(\mu_0\) denoting the density and vacuum permeability, respectively; \[ \int_\Omega \lambda \nabla m:\nabla v+ (\sigma_m+\alpha \dot m- \gamma^{-1}(m\times \dot m) -\mu_0h)\cdot v+ \omega \cdot\chi_m'v\mathrm{d}x=0,\tag{2} \] with \(\sigma_m=\phi_m'(\mathsf{E}(u),m)+ \mathcal{A}_2(\mathsf{E}(u),m,\vartheta)\), \(\gamma=\gamma(|m|)\) denoting the effective gyromagnetic ration, and \(\lambda\) and \(\alpha\) being the magnetic exchange-energy and dissipation constants, respectively; \[ \int_Q\mu_0^{-1} e\cdot\mathrm{curl} v-(h+m)\cdot\dot v-\nabla m \dot u\cdot v- (\mathrm{div} \dot u)mv\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}t=\int_\Omega (h_0+m_0)\cdot v(0)\mathrm{d}x; \tag{3} \] \[ \int_Q h\cdot \mathrm{curl}v-\mathcal{S}e\cdot v\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}t=0;\tag{4} \] \[ \begin{multlined}\int_Q \mathcal{K}_0\nabla\vartheta\cdot \nabla v+\mathcal{K}_1\nabla\mathsf{E}(u) \cdot\nabla v+\mathcal{K}_2\nabla m\cdot \nabla v-\vartheta\partial_tv -(\zeta +\mathcal{S}|e|^2+\mathbb{D}\mathsf{E}(\dot u):\mathsf{E}(\dot u)+ \\ \mathbb{D}_{\mathrm{hpr}}\nabla\mathsf{E}(\dot u)\vdots\nabla\mathsf{E}(\dot u) +\alpha|\dot m|^2+\mathcal{A}_1:\mathsf{E}(\dot u)+\mathcal{A}_2\cdot\dot m)v \mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}t=\int_\Omega \vartheta_0v(0)\mathrm{d}x+ \int_\Sigma q_{\mathrm{b}} v \mathrm{d}S\mathrm{d}t, \end{multlined} \tag{5} \] with \(\zeta=\zeta (\dot\chi)\) being a degree-one positively homogeneous function, and \(q_{\mathrm{b}}\) denoting the boundary heat flux; and \[ \int_Q \zeta(v)-\zeta(\dot\chi)\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}t\geq \int_Q\omega:(v-\dot\chi)\mathrm{d}x\mathrm{d}t.\tag{6} \] Here, \(\dot\chi=\chi_{\mathsf{E}}'\mathsf{E}(\dot u)+\chi_m'\dot m\) (analogously for \(\phi\)), \(\mathcal{S}=\mathcal{S}(\mathsf{E}(u),m,\vartheta)\) is a continuous, bounded, (uniformly) positive definite tensor, and \(\phi_i'=\phi_i'(\mathsf{E}(u),m)\) (\(i=\mathsf{E},m\)), \(\mathcal{K}_i=\mathcal{K}_i(\mathsf{E}(u),m,\vartheta)\) (\(i=0,1,2\)) and \(\mathcal{A}_i=\mathcal{A}_i(\mathsf{E}(u),m,\vartheta)\) (\(i=1,2\)) satisfy some growthness conditions. The proof relies on the building of a semi-implicit time-discrete approximation of a modified problem and its convergence.