Congruences between Selmer groups (Q1969349)

In Section 1, the author defines congruences between Galois representations and between Abelian groups. He introduces several types of congruences and studies the relation between them. For later applications, he also gives general criteria for congruences of Selmer groups (Proposition 1.1). In Section 2, he proves congruences (Theorem 1) between Selmer groups from cyclotomic representations and compares these congruences with congruences between the Bernoulli numbers (Corollary 2.1). He then proves, in Section 3, congruences when the Selmer groups are from Hecke characters over an imaginary quadratic field \(K\) (Theorem 2). The result on primes that split in \(K\) is quite complete. However, for primes non-split in \(K\), one has to impose an additional condition on the Galois representations in order to obtain congruences between the Selmer groups. In the last section, he provides congruences between adjoints of two-dimensional Galois representations (Theorem 3). As a special case, he obtains congruences between adjoint representations from modular forms (Corollary 4.1). Unlike the cases of cyclotomic characters and Hecke characters, congruences between special values from the adjoint representations were not known before. However, with the help of the Bloch-Kato conjecture [\textit{S. Bloch} and \textit{K. Kato}, Prog. Math. 86, 333-400 (1990; Zbl 0768.14001)], congruences from corollary 4.1 give congruences between the corresponding special values.