On Noether's inequality for threefolds (Q1187571)

The author studies the structure of the canonical map \(\Phi:X\to Z\) defined by the linear system \(| K_ X|\) when \(\dim| K_ X|\geq 1\), \(X\) is a three dimensional complex variety with at most canonical singularities and \(K_ X\) is nef and big. He obtains the following result (where \(d:=\dim(Z))\): (1) if \(d=3\), then \(K^ 3_ X\geq 2p_ g-6\); (2) if \(d=2\) and \(K_ X\) is Cartier, then either: (2a) \(K^ 2_ X\geq 2p_ g-4\), or: (2b) \(\Phi\) has a rational section, the general fiber of \(\Phi\) has genus 2, and \(Z\) is birationally ruled. (An example is given to show that this case actually occurs.) (3) if \(d=1\), \(K_ X\) is ample and \(X\) is factorial, then either: (3a) \(K^ 3_ X\geq 2p_ g-1\), or: (3b) \(Z=\mathbb{P}_ 1\), \(\Phi\) is connected, \((K^ 3_ X,p_ g)=(1,2)\) and \(X\) is singular. (3c) \(\Phi\) is regular, with general fiber \(F\) irreducible normal with at most canonical singularities and ample \(K_ F\) with: \(K^ 2_ F=1\), \(q(F)=0\), and \(1\leq p_ g(F)\leq 2\). (It is not known whether these last two cases occur).