Number of solutions for cubic Thue equations with automorphisms (Q2642509)

Let \(F\in{\mathbb Z}[X,Y]\) be a cubic, irreducible form with positive discriminant with the additional assumption that \(F\) has non-trivial automorphisms, i.e., there is a nontrivial \(g\in\text{GL}(2,{\mathbb Z})\) with \(g(F):=F(g_{11}X+g_{12}Y, g_{21}X+g_{22}Y)=F(X,Y)\). The author proves that the number of integer solutions \((x,y)\) to the Thue equation \(F(x,y)=1\) equals three or zero, except for those \(F\) which are equivalent to one of the forms \(X^3+X^2Y-2XY^2-Y^3\) (9~solutions), \(X^3-3XY^2-Y^3\) (6~solutions) or \(X^3-2X^2Y-5XY^2-Y^3\) (6~solutions), where two forms \(F_1\), \(F_2\) are considered to be equivalent if \(g(F_1)=F_2\) for a \(g\in\text{GL}(2,{\mathbb Z})\). The three exceptional families have been studied by \textit{V. I. Baulin} [On an indeterminate equation of the third degree with least positive discriminant. Tul'sk. Gos. Ped. Inst. Uch. Zap. Fiz.-Mat. Nauk 7, 138--170 (1960)], \textit{W. Ljunggren} [Acta Math. 75, 1-21 (1943; Zbl 0060.09104)] and \textit{È.~T. Avanesov} [Solution in integers of the indeterminate equation \(x^{3}-2x^{2}y-5xy^{2}-y^{3}=1\). Ivanov. Gos. Ped. Inst. Uch. Zap. 61, Mat., 61--83 (1969)], respectively. To prove this result, the author reduces \(F\) to an equivalent form with two integer parameters. Upper bounds for the solutions are obtained by Padé approximations. Then a gap principle due to \textit{R. Okazaki} [Publ. Math. 61, No. 3--4, 267--314 (2002; Zbl 1012.11022)] is used. In fact, Okazaki had combined this gap principle with Baker's method to prove the main result of this paper under the additional assumption that the discriminant of the form is very large. For small values of the parameters, a computer search deals with the remaining cases. The author notes that the result has been proved independently by R. Okazaki.