On involutive FL\(_{e}\)-monoids (Q1938395)

An involutive FL\(_e\)-monoid \(U := (X,\bullet,\leq,t,f)\) is a commutative and residuated partially ordered monoid with the neutral element \(t\) and an involutive negation (defined by \(x':= x \rightarrow_{\bullet} f\)); \(f\) is an arbitrary element. The positive (negative) cone of \(U\) is defined by \(X^+ := \{x \mid x \geq t\}\), respectively \(X^- := \{x \mid x \leq t\}\). Both cones are closed under the monoidal operation; the negative (positive) cone operation is denoted by \(\otimes\), respectively, \(\oplus\). \(U\) is said to be conic if \(X = X^+ \cup X^-\). The authors prove that if \(U\) is conic, then \(\oplus\) and \(\ominus\) uniquely determine \(\bullet\). Moreover, they describe a new construction method (called twin-rotation) of a conic involutive FL\(_e\)-monoid; every such FL\(_e\)-monoid is the twin-rotation of its cone operations. Every finite involutive FL\(_e\)-chain \(U\) can be considered, up to isomorphism, as based on an initial segment of the natural numbers; the difference \(t - f\) is called the rank of \(U\). Using this notion, several classes of involutive FL\(_e\)-chains are classified; also, a kind of skew duality is established between positive and non-positive rank chains. At last, it is shown that the substructural logic \textbf{IUL} plus \(\mathbf t \leftrightarrow f\) fails to have the finite model property. (Involutive FL\(_e\)-monoids over lattices are the algebraic counterpart of \textbf{IUL}.)