Decompositions of non-homogeneous Herz-type Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces (Q2445500)

The author considers the characterizations of non-homogeneous Herz-type Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces via atoms, molecules and wavelets. Precisely, let \(n\in\mathbb{N}\), \(\mathbb{N}_0:=\mathbb{N}\cup\{0\}\), \(\mathcal{S}'\) be the set of all tempered distributions on \(\mathbb{R}^n\) and \(Q_{\nu,\,m}\) be the closed cube centered at \(2^{-\nu}m\) with sides parallel to the axes and length \(2^{-\nu}\). Assume that \(s\in\mathbb{R}\), \(\alpha\in(0,\infty)\), \(\beta,\,q,\,p\in(0,\infty]\), \(K,\,L\in\mathbb{N}_0\), \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p B^s_{\beta}\) and \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p b^s_{\beta}\) are, respectively, the non-homogeneous Herz-type Besov space and its sequence space on \(\mathbb{R}^n\), and \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p F^s_{\beta}\) and \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p f^s_{\beta}\) are, respectively, the non-homogeneous Triebel-Lizorkin space and its sequence space on \(\mathbb{R}^n\). To establish one direction of the atomic decomposition, the author proves that, if \(K\in(s,\infty)\) and \(L>\sigma_p-s\), where \(\sigma_p:=n/\min\{1,p\}\), then, for each \(f\in K^{\alpha,\,q}_p B^s_{\beta}\), there exists \(\lambda\in K^{\alpha,\,q}_p b^s_{\beta}\) and \([K,L]\)-atoms \(\{a_{\nu,\,m}\}_{\nu\in\mathbb{N}_0,\,m\in\mathbb{Z}^n}\) centered at \(Q_{\nu,\,m}\) such that \[ f=\sum_{\nu=0}^{\infty}\sum_{m\in\mathbb{Z}^n}\lambda_{\nu,\,m} a_{\nu,\,m}\quad \mathrm{converging\;in}\;\mathcal{S}', \] where, for \(K,\,L\in\mathbb{N}_0\) and \(\gamma\in(1,\infty)\), a \(K\)-times continuous differentiable function \(a\) is called a \([K,L]\)-atom centered at \(Q_{\nu,\,m}\), \(\nu\in\mathbb{N}_0\) and \(m\in\mathbb{Z}^n\), if \(\text{supp}(a)\subset\gamma Q_{\nu,\,m}\), \(|\frac{\partial^{\tau_1}}{\partial x_1^{\tau_1}}\cdots \frac{\partial^{\tau_n}}{\partial x_n^{\tau_n}}a(x)|\leq 2^{|\tau|\nu}\) for \(0\leq |\tau|:=\sum_{i=1}^n\tau_i\leq K\), \(\tau:=(\tau_1,\dots,\tau_n)\in\mathbb{N}_0^n\) and \(x:=(x_1,\ldots,x_n)\in\mathbb{R}^n\), and \(\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}x_1^{\tau_1}\cdots x_n^{\tau_n}a(x)\,dx=0\) for \(0\leq|\tau|<L\) and \(\nu\in[1,\infty)\). Moreover, the author shows that, if \(q,\,p\in(0,\infty)\), \(K\in(s,\infty)\) and \(L>\sigma_{p,\,\beta}-s\), where \(\sigma_{p,\,\beta}:=n/\min\{1,p,\beta\}\), then each \(f\in K^{\alpha,\,q}_p F^s_{\beta}\) has the \([K,L]\)-atoms decomposition similar to that in \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p B^s_{\beta}\). On the other hand, to establish the reverse direction of the atomic decomposition, the author gives the molecular decomposition which implies the desired result. Precisely, if \(K\in(s,\infty)\) and \(L>\sigma_p-s\) and \(M\in(0,\infty)\) large enough, \(\{\mu_{\nu,\,m}\}_{\nu\in\mathbb{N}_0,\,m\in\mathbb{Z}^n}\) are \([K,L,M]\)-molecules and \[ \lambda=\{\lambda_{\nu,\,m}\}_{\nu\in\mathbb{N}_0,\,m\in\mathbb{Z}^n} \in K^{\alpha,\,q}_p b^s_{\beta}, \] where, for \(K,\,L\in\mathbb{N}_0\) and \(M\in(n,\infty)\), a \(K\)-times continuous differentiable function \(\mu\) is called a \([K,L,M]\)-molecule concentrated in \(Q_{\nu,\,m}\), \(\nu\in\mathbb{N}_0\) and \(m\in\mathbb{Z}^n\), if \(|\frac{\partial^{\tau_1}}{\partial x_1^{\tau_1}}\cdots \frac{\partial^{\tau_n}}{\partial x_n^{\tau_n}}\mu(x)| \leq 2^{|\tau|\nu}(1+2^{\nu}|x-2^{-\nu}m|)^{-M}\) for \(0\leq|\tau|\leq K\) and \(x\in\mathbb{R}^n\), and \(\int_{\mathbb{R}^n}x_1^{\tau_1}\cdots x_n^{\tau_n}\mu(x)\,dx=0\) for \(0\leq|\tau|<L\) and \(\nu\in[1,\infty)\), then the author shows that \[ f=\sum_{\nu=0}^{\infty}\sum_{m\in\mathbb{Z}^n}\lambda_{\nu,\,m} \mu_{\nu,\,m}\quad \mathrm{converging\;in}\;\mathcal{S}' \] is an element of \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p B^s_{\beta}\). Moreover, if \(q,\,p\in(0,\infty)\), \(K\in(s,\infty)\) and \(L>\sigma_{p,\,\beta}-s\) and \(M\in(0,\infty)\) large enough, the author shows that a similar result to that of \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p B^s_{\beta}\) also holds true for \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p F^s_{\beta}\). As applications of decompositions by atoms and molecules, the author further establishes the wavelet decomposition for the spaces \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p B^s_{\beta}\) and \(K^{\alpha,\,q}_p F^s_{\beta}\). All these results above generalize the corresponding results for classical Besov and Triebel-Lizorkin spaces.